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Liu, H. (author), Abell, J. A. (author), Diambra, A. (author), Pisano, F. (author)The modelling and simulation of cyclic sand ratcheting is tackled by means of a plasticity model formulated within the well-known critical state, bounding surface SANISAND framework. For this purpose, a third locus – termed the ‘memory surface’ – is cast into the constitutive formulation, so as to phenomenologically capture micro-mechanical,...journal article 2019