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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Hoogmoed, Jim (author), Stapel, J.C.J. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Bazilinskyy, P. (author)Perceived risk, or subjective risk, is an important concept in the field of traffic psychology and automated driving. In this paper, we investigate whether perceived risk in images of traffic scenes can be predicted from computer vision features that may also be used by automated vehicles (AVs). We conducted an international crowdsourcing...journal article 2023
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Vos, J. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Farah, H. (author), Hagenzieker, Marjan (author)Although much research is done on speed and gaze behaviour inside curves, there is little understanding of which cues drivers use to anticipate and slow down while approaching curves. Therefore, an on road experiment was conducted in which 31 participants drove through six freeway curves in their own car. During the experiment, look-ahead...journal article 2023
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Milatz, Bas (author), de Winter, Roy (author), van de Ridder, Jelle D.J. (author), van Engeland, Martijn (author), Mauro, F. (author), Kana, A.A. (author)The prediction of the statutory attained subdivision index is a challenging issue for the initial design of ships due to the design freedom offered by a probabilistic damage stability assessment. To this end, optimisation techniques integrated with a parametric model of the internal layout may generate a preliminary subdivision design,...journal article 2023
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Kuipers, J.R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Background: Even though accompanied driving and simulator training are common, clarity on their usage trends and effectiveness is lacking. This research aimed to deepen the understanding of the relationships between personal characteristics, pre-licence accompanied driving, self-reported post-licence driving behaviour, and driving performance...journal article 2023
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Driessen, T. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Waard, Dick de (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Trucks are disproportionately involved in fatal traffic accidents and contribute significantly to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Gathering data from trucks presents a unique opportunity for estimating driver-specific costs associated with truck operation. Although research has been published on the predictive validity of driver data, such as in...journal article 2023
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Tabone, W. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)ChatGPT could serve as a tool for text analysis within the field of Human–Computer Interaction, though its validity requires investigation. This study applied ChatGPT to: (1) textbox questionnaire responses on nine augmented-reality interfaces, (2) interview data from participants who experienced these interfaces in a virtual simulator, and (3)...journal article 2023
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Berge, S.H. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Hagenzieker, Marjan (author)Interaction with vulnerable road users in complex urban traffic environments poses a significant challenge for automated vehicles. Solutions to facilitate safe and acceptable interactions in future automated traffic include equipping automated vehicles and vulnerable road users, such as cyclists, with awareness or notification systems, as...journal article 2023
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Tabone, W. (author), Happee, R. (author), García, Jorge (author), Lee, Yee Mun (author), Lupetti, M.L. (author), Merat, Natasha (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Augmented Reality (AR) technology could be utilised to assist pedestrians in navigating safely through traffic. However, whether potential users would understand and use such AR solutions is currently unknown. Nine novel AR interfaces for pedestrian-vehicle communication, previously developed using an experience-based design method, were...journal article 2023
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Eisma, Y.B. (author), Eijssen, Dirk (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)This study explores how drivers of an automated vehicle distribute their attention as a function of environmental events and driving task instructions. Twenty participants were asked to monitor pre-recorded videos of a simulated driving trip while their eye movements were recorded using an eye-tracker. The results showed that eye movements are...journal article 2022
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Nordhoff, S. (author)Recent research suggests the existence of a general acceptance factor (GAF), similar to the “big one” in personality research or the general intelligence factor (g). The current study, written in the form of a short commentary, sought empirical support for the GAF by using data from a large multinational questionnaire of the L3Pilot project on...journal article 2022
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Rometsch, Flavie A.A.S.D.T. (author), Casini, Andrea E.M. (author), Drepper, Anne (author), Cowley, Aidan (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Guo, J. (author)Humans are embarking on a new era of space exploration with the plan of sending crewed spacecraft to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Extravehicular activities (EVAs) will be an essential part of the scientific activities to be carried out in these missions, and they will involve extensive geological fieldwork. These EVAs entail many challenges as...journal article 2022
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Dodou, D. (author)The last few years have seen a wealth of research on external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs). It has been argued that eHMIs are vital because they fill the social interaction void that arises with the introduction of automated vehicles (AVs). However, there is still much discussion about whether eHMIs are needed. The present article surveys...journal article 2022
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Eisma, Y.B. (author), Vlakveld, Willem (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Automated vehicles (AVs) may feature blinded (i.e. blacked-out) windows and external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs), and the driver may be inattentive or absent, but how these features affect cyclists is unknown. In a crowdsourcing study, participants viewed images of approaching vehicles from a cyclist's perspective and decided whether to...journal article 2022
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Maggi, Davide (author), Romano, Richard (author), Carsten, Oliver (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)In the original article, author affiliation published with error. The correct affiliations are: Davide Maggi—Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds, UK. Richard Romano—Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds, UK. Oliver Carsten—Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds, UK. Joost C. F. De Winter—Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials...journal article 2022
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Tabone, W. (author)This study explored how people look at The Night Watch (1642), Rembrandt's masterpiece. Twenty-one participants each stood in front of the painting for 5 min, while their eyes were recorded with a mobile eye-tracker and their thoughts were verbalized with a think-aloud method. We computed a heatmap of the participants’ attentional...journal article 2022
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Hu, Jimmy (author), Petermeijer, S.M. (author)Cars are increasingly capable of providing drivers with warnings and advice. However, whether drivers should be provided with ipsilateral warnings (signaling the direction to steer towards) or contralateral warnings (signaling the direction to avoid) is inconclusive. Furthermore, how auditory warnings and visual information from the driving...journal article 2022
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Saffarian, M (author), Senders, John W. (author)Objective: To share results of an experiment that used visual occlusion for a new purpose: inducing a waiting time. Background: Senders was a leading figure in human factors. In his research on the visual demands of driving, he used occlusion techniques. Methods: In a simulator experiment, we examined how drivers brake for different levels of...journal article 2022
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Onkhar, V. (author), Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Many fatal accidents that involve pedestrians occur at road crossings, and are attributed to a breakdown of communication between pedestrians and drivers. Thus, it is important to investigate how forms of communication in traffic, such as eye contact, influence crossing decisions. Thus far, there is little information about the effect of...journal article 2022
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Melman, T. (author), Weijerman, Mark (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Abbink, D.A. (author)Introduction: Cars are increasingly computerized, and vehicle settings such as steering gain (SG) can now be altered during driving. However, it is unknown whether transitions in SG should be adaptable (i.e., triggered by driver input) or adaptive (i.e., triggered automatically). We examined this question for road segments expected to require...journal article 2022
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Petermeijer, S.M. (author), Abbink, D.A. (author)A major question in human-automation interaction is whether tasks should be traded or shared between human and automation. This work presents reflections—which have evolved through classroom debates between the authors over the past 10 years—on these two forms of human-automation interaction, with a focus on the automated driving domain. As...journal article 2022