Atmospheric turbulence spectra and correlation functions

The derivation of one- two- and three-dimensional spectra and correlation functions for isotropic (atmospheric) turbulence and the mutual relations have been collected from various sources. Aircraft loads usually are determined using a one-dimensional turbulence description. In some cases a two- or even three-dimensional description might be...

Some methods for the derivation of taxying loads for undercarriages with linear or nonlinear properties.

Methods that are used or probably could be used for the establishment of taxying loads are presented and discussed. The methods are straightforward for undercarriages with linear properties. For undercarriages with nonlinear properties methods based on the use of equivalent gains are promising, but still have to be verified.

Comparison between the statistical discrete gust method and the power spectral density method

The Power Spectral Density method and the Statistical Discrete Gust Method to calculate aircraft design loads due to atmospheric turbulence are compared qualitatively and quantitatively on the basis of the load exceedance curves for certain aircraft models. It is shown that both methods are related to each other, giving the same results for...