Registration of apartments and office spaces in 3D land administration: A case study in Croatia

Due to the needs of modern society, cadastral systems should be designed to support three dimensional (3D) spatial data. One of many possible approaches for implementing a 3D cadastre, in countries such as Croatia, is to establish a Building Register as a transitional register between 2D and 3D cadastres, where data about buildings and...

Digital Transformation of Land Administration Systems - the Next Step toward 3D Land Administration

Introducing interoperability among spatial datasets and registers is one of the key drivers for optimizing public administration, starting from the simple automation of existing processes, to the overall transformation of the system, and the construction of modern user-oriented services. An additional incentive for such a transformation, in the...

3D Cadastres for Complex Extra-Legal and Informal Situations

3D cadastre research and development is most often directed at high valued urban land. The value of the land and the economic activity generated from transactions in this urban space potentially support the cost and time spent on establishing and maintaining a 3D cadastre. Data acquisition for construction and maintenance of the 3D cadastre is...

Extensions to the LADM Trinidad and Tobago toward a Juridical, Fiscal and Marine Cadastre

A proposed profile that can extend the current LADM to incorporate juridical, fiscal, and marine components of the land administration together is developed. A proposed profile for the LADM that would accommodate the existing legal components of the Trinidad and Tobago cadastre was previously designed. This profile is now extended to include the...

Initial Inventory of 3D Cadastre Use Cases in the Caribbean

As argued in many earlier FIG publications, the potential benefits of 3D Cadastre are huge. This is especially true in the Caribbean setting with quite dense urban areas and large and important marine areas, where rights (restrictions and responsibilities; RRRs) in 3D is a prerequisite for the blue economy. The Caribbean with a plethora of 3D...

Toward the Development of LADM-based Marine Cadastres: Is LADM Applicable to Marine Cadastres?

Hoogsteden and Robertson (1998; 1999) were among very few early publications that supported the idea that consideration is to be given to the extension of “on-land” cadastral system into the offshore. It was circa 2001 that the terms “marine cadastre” or “marine cadastral” were first explicitly used in scholarly media and at professional...

Capturing Legal and Physical Boundary Differences in 3D Space – A Case Study of Trinidad and Tobago

Technology has simplified the construction of a 3D cadastre by allowing rapid, remote capture of the data required for the graphic components of the system. Research into using 3D information generated from laser scanning, LiDAr and satellite imagery, and aerial photography for Building Information Management (BIM) has advanced considerably over...

Governance in 3D, LADM Compliant Marine Cadastres

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) generally have much larger marine areas to manage than land areas. This fact provides a challenge for the country’s security, governance of use rights, conflict management and resource preservation and sustainable exploitation. The sheer value of these expansive marine areas therefore demands that more...

An Analysis of the Necessity for 3D Cadastres with Reference to Trinidad and Tobago

The theoretical methodology for the construction of a 3D cadastre can be an interesting academic exercise that is worthy of investigation. For individual countries or jurisdictions, however, the practical possibility of implementation must be supported by a discussion of the situational need and a cost-benefit analysis of the concept. This...

Impact on Marine Laminates

Toward a 3d marine cadastre in support of good ocean governance

Jurisdictions that are contemplating the development of 3D Cadastres cannot afford to ignore the marine environment. Apart from its extreme importance as a resource, the use of the marine environment is volumetric by nature and involves the exercising of rights to the surface, water column, seabed, and subsoil. This paper proposes a 3D marine...

Spectral measurements and growth rates of wind generated water waves

Underwater photographs of flow patterns