Grid Impact Assessment of Unbalanced Penetration of Distributed Generation, Electrified Mobility & Heating in the Near and Far Future

The EU strives to lower greenhouse gas emissions. To reach this goal, many energy intensive processes in the residential sector such as heating and transportation will be electrified using heat pumps and electric vehicles (EVs) respectively. Simultaneously, a transition of electricity generation to sustainable sources will take place,...

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of EV Smart Charging in a Distribution Grid

With the development of sustainable energy technology and the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the popularity of electric vehicles is increasing. However, As the number of electric vehicles increases, so does the pressure on the grid due to charging. If a large number of electric vehicles are charged at the same time, the grid...

Quantifying costs and benefits of flexibility for DSOs

The energy transition is expected to increase the peak loading of the grid, requiring Distribution System Operators (DSOs) like Stedin to invest an increasing amount of capital and labour in the reinforcement of their network. Flexible resources can be used to decrease the peak loading of the grid through better matching consumption and...

Optimization of Battery Energy Storage System Operation in Distribution Grids

Currently, the main revenue streams for grid connected BESS stem from regulated energy markets, such as Day Ahead Market (DAM) and Primary Frequency Regulation (PFR). Furthermore, BESS have great potential in providing services to network operators, however a clear business case for such functionalities is still missing. Therefore, this research...

Modelling and flexibility assessment for operational studies of future active distribution networks

At present, the energy transition is increasingly being driven by the integration of renewable energy into the grid. However, this weather-dependent energy generation imposes challenges to the system operators since the deviations between the forecasted and the actual generation keep increasing due to this intermittent generation. Moreover, new...

Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Controlled and Uncontrolled EV Charging in a Distribution Grid

The charging of a rapidly increasing number of EVs places significant strain on electrical distribution grids. Controlled (’smart’) charging of EVs offers a solution to this problem by shifting the charging of vehicles to the most optimal moments in time. Smart charging is not a completely new research topic; it has a high Technology Readiness...

Facilitating large-scale EV penetration in Iceland: Coordination of charging load with demand response to increase distribution grid utilisation

With increased awareness of anthropogenic emissions, industries and sectors worldwide are changing rapidly. One of those sectors is the transport sector which has seen immense change with the increase of electric vehicles in recent years. Although these electric vehicles reduce emissions and are a welcoming sign of change, they greatly increase...

Linear state estimation method for distribution grids

The recent trend for monitoring and control of the distribution networks requires methods capable to calculate the network’s operating conditions. One way to monitor the distribution network is by state estimation. Although previously this method was established only for the transmission networks, its use has begun to also make sense for the...

Flexibility from Batteries at End-User Level: Implications for Distribution Grids

EU carbon emission targets related to climate change has set in motion a process of transition towards an environmentally clean and sustainable power system. A central focus on this process is the transition from fossil fuel based energy sources to clean Renewable Energy Sources (RES). However, the intermittency of RES (e.g. solar and wind)...

Aggregated Flexibility to support Congestion Management: A case study at Eneco CrowdNett

Increased variable renewable energy sources penetration in The Netherlands require more flexibility that could be provided by distributed energy resources located at small end-users combined with demand response. Aggregators could act as intermediary entities to exploit the flexibility potential of small end-users and create value for...