A Data-Driven Approach for Generation of Tactical Planning Rules Regarding Buffer Time in Initial Railway Timetables: A Case Study on the Differentiation of Buffer Times in the Railway Timetable of Nederlandse Spoorwegen

Despite advanced communication, monitoring, and control facilities, train operations are still subject to uncertainties that can disturb train services, cause delay to multiple trains, and propagate through the network. One option is to mitigate delay propagation in the timetable design by adding buffer time to the minimum difference between the...