Implementation of OGC SensorThings API standard for the integration of dynamic sensor data in a 3D urban digital twin

Urban areas are home to over half of the global population and consume significant natural resources, necessitating effective city management for urban resilience and sustainability. Resilient cities are better prepared to face challenges, from natural disasters to economic downturns, and adapt to climate change, resource scarcity, and...

A data-driven approach to add openings to 3D BAG building models

The reconstruction of 3D city models has garnered significant interest in recent years. However, the majority of existing reconstruction methods primarily focus on LOD2 models, while LOD3 model reconstruction often relies on manual labor, and the primary data sources are street view images. This research aims to advance this field by...

Mapping the Energy ADE to CityGML 3.0

In order to limit the global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, all sectors have to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and become more sustainable. This also includes the building sector, which is in Europe responsible for 40% of the total energy consumption (European Commission, 2020). A way to work towards this goal is by retrofitting...

CJDB - A simple and efficient data model to store CityJSON in a database

A 3D city model uses three-dimensional geometries to represent and model urban environments, in which the building model is the key feature. With the development of computer and data collection technologies, 3D city models are gaining growing capacities regarding storing rich information. This makes 3D city models more potentially useful than...

From GIS to 3D flow simulations in urban environments

Urban physics is a multi-scale and interdisciplinary field, that combines science and engineering for the study of physical processes in urban areas. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is considered a powerful tool for the study of these processes. In the context of microscale phenomena these processes refer to the transfer of heat and mass in...

Automatic building permits checks by means of 3D city models

Most construction work requires building permit checks. Therefore, to promote sustainable and high-quality urban development, it is necessary to improve the building permit application process and accelerate the digital process of building permit checks. <br/><br/>Many studies about the digitalization of building permitting use the BIM, mainly...

CityREST: CityJSON in A Database + RESTful Access

With the increasing demand for 3D city models in various applications, providing efficient access to 3D city models on the web has become very important and valuable. However, there is a lack of web services in which users can directly and effectively access the city objects contained in the 3D city models on the web. Another problem with web...

An integrative workflow for 3D city model versioning

3D city models are continuously becoming more popular among practitioners due to the volume and versatility of information they contain, which makes them suitable to be used in various applications. However, there is no mechanism to allow maintaining them updated at the same pace that cities evolve, or when error correction is necessary,...

Height Inference for all USA Building Footprints in the Absence of Height Data

In recent years, the demand for 3D spatial information and 3D city models has increased, as they support and allow many different applications, e.g. noise simulations, energy demand estimations, and shadow analysis. Constructing a city model with 3D buildings requires elevation data (such as LiDAR or Digital Terrain Models), but unfortunately,...

Integration of 3D city models in a country wide covering 3D basemap: A case study in The Netherlands

The needs and interests for 3D data based on large-scale topography are increasing. A wide variety of these 3D data needs have emerged in multiple domains and for many different applications. Though, research have shown that the interoperability of this 3D data nowadays still is a challenging task. Many barriers are caused by different...

Modelling different levels of detail of roads and intersections in 3D city models

In the last two decades there has been a steady rise in the gathering and use of 3D geo-information. A common way to store and use 3D data is by using 3D city models. In 3D city models, geo-information can be stored at different levels of detail. CityGML, the most commonly used data model and encoding for 3D city models, uses five levels of...

Urban building energy modeling using a 3D city model and minimizing uncertainty through Bayesian inference: A case study focuses on Amsterdam residential heating demand simulation

To cut down immense greenhouse gases emission and energy consumption in the rapidly urbanizing world, a holistic understanding and rethinking of our dynamic urban energy system are inevitable. Performing bottom-up building energy modelings at urban scale based on Geographic Information System (GIS) and semantic 3D city models could be a...

Urban Vegetation Modeling 3D Levels of Detail

3D city models are now common planning and analysis tools. Urban vegetation as a feature in these models, however, is neglected overshadowed by the focus on buildings, so its inclusion in 3D city models is often symbolic. On the other hand, urban vegetation improves the comfort and social well being of a city’s inhabitants and is a resource for...

Exploring the automatic Level of Detail inference for the validation of buildings in 3D city models

There are several 3D city models available openly, worldwide. These models are used in various applications, from which many expects a homogeneous Level of Detail (LoD). Validating the accuracy of the LoD of a model requires the inference its LoD class and its conformance to the real-world object. This process quickly becomes infeasible for...

Bidirectional enrichment of CityGML and Multi-View Stereo Mesh models

The use of 3D city models has increased the last decades due to the evolution of technology. Their use is related to the need for solutions on issues that correspond to the building environment. Modelling aspects, like geometric, semantic information and topology are necessary, in order to provide an integrated result of spatial analysis. The...