Circular economy in construction: re-use NS train windows as a new construction component

The building industry is a significant waste contributor. Especially at the end-of-life of the building it causes an enormous impact on the environment. Construction solid waste has caused serious environmental problems. Reuse, recycling and reduction of construction materials have been advocated for many years, and various methods have been...

Economic circularity in the built environment: An assessment and decision-making supporting model for the real estate sector & construction industry

The discourse on circular economy is characterized by perpetual disintegration whilst there is a need for assessment and decision-making supporting models. This normative study proposes a model that assesses the extent to which interventions in the built environment are in accordance with a circular economy (CE) and discloses the financials...