Characterisation of recycled concrete aggregates from construction and demolition wastes

Construction and demolition waste form a significant problem in terms of environmental pollution and material depletion. Concrete, as part of construction and demolition waste, is already responsible for 9% of the total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Consequently, it is important to alleviate the environmental stress of concrete by...

The geographical scale of a circular economy: Introducing a framework to determine a relevant geographical scale for the recycling of materials, based on a case study of concrete and copper for the Municipality of Leiden

The implications of a CE and the transition towards it are widely researched. However, there is a lack of research into the relevant geographical scales of CE. Thus, this research aims to present a framework that identifies the optimal geographical scale for the recycling of materials based on various factors. The framework is tested against a...