Dynamic Simulation of Green Ammonia Synthesis Plant

The carbon emissions from human activities are causing significant harm to the planet, leading to increased temperatures, melting of polar ice caps, rising sea levels, and other negative impacts on the environment. One promising solution is the use of green hydrogen as a fuel source, which could have a much lower carbon footprint than...

The Weighty Challenge of Importing the Lightest Element: A techno-economic assessment of the dynamics between the first developing green hydrogen importing supply chains and domestic production by 2030

Green hydrogen is anticipated to be pivotal in the decarbonisation of global energy systems. For the Netherlands, both domestic production and imports of green hydrogen are believed to be needed for effective decarbonisation. Yet, significant uncertainty surrounds the cost discrepancy between domestic productions and initial imports, largely...

Evaluating Emissions of Offshore Transportation Vessels

The offshore wind market is growing rapidly, and new offshore wind projects are being launched more than ever. To keep up with demand, parts for these wind turbines are being produced all over the world. To get all the parts needed to their destination on time, they must be transported on heavy transport vessels (HTVs).<br/><br/>Today, business...

Techno-economic analysis of large-scale ammonia decomposition for the hydrogen economy: A mixed-integer linear programming approach for the Port of Rotterdam under deep uncertainty

In the transition towards climate neutrality by 2050 green hydrogen can contribute as a clean and widely applicable energy vector. However, domestic production by electrolysis in the Netherlands will not be able to produce enough hydrogen for the estimated demand. Import of hydrogen will thus be crucial. The Port of Rotterdam (PoR) will play a...

An Ammonia-Fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - Internal Combustion Engine Hybrid System for Ships

Ammonia (NH3) may reduce CO2 emissions from the marine industry as it is carbon-free and more energy-dense than hydrogen or batteries. Pure ammonia exhibits poor combustion characteristics, so several researchers have already operated small-scale internal combustion engines (ICEs) with ammonia-hydrogen blends. However, nitrogen oxides NOx and...

The feasibility of zero-emission ferries in the Wadden Sea

In 2015, the worlds first zero-emission sea-going ferry was launched in Norway. This ferry, MF Ampere, is powered by batteries and is sailing in an UNESCO World Heritage Site. In the Netherlands, the Wadden Sea is an UNESCO World Heritage Site with multiple ferry routes where the most recent ferries are sailing on natural gas to reduce emissions...

A Techno-Economic Evaluation of Green Ammonia

Up until now, ammonia has primarily served the fertilizer and chemical industry with limited regards to carbon emissions. The hydrogen within the ammonia molecule is commonly produced using fossil fuels; this process accounts for 1,2 % of the global CO2 emissions. Rather than using fossils fuels, electrolysis with renewable energy could be used...

Alternative fuels on board of carbon-neutral cruise vessels: The selection, implementation and design impact of alternative fuels on board of carbon-neutral cruise vessels

The growth of the cruise industry throughout recent years and the changing public opinion on cruise ships has led to increasing concerns regarding the impact cruise vessels have on the world’s climate and environ- ment. Cruise passengers prefer not to be related with heavy polluting vessels. In fact, trends like responsible tourism and...

Powering a representative ROPAX ferry in 2050 with minimal greenhouse gas emissions

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) issued on the 13th of April 2018 a press release titled: “UN body adopts climate change strategy for shipping”. [1] This document illustrates the commitment of the IMO to significantly reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG) from international shipping in coming decades. However, the question...