An extended multiphase drift-flux model with a discretized form of population balance equations for flocculation and settling process of cohesive sediment in deep-sea mining plumes

To meet energy demand towards a low-carbon future, the global market demand is growing for metals such as cobalt and nickel which are major elements in batteries. Polymetallic nodules, which are formed on abyssal plains at depths ranging from 4 to 6 kilometres and are distributed in high abundance on the top of the seabed, contains several times...

CFD modeling for moving jet penetrating cohesive soil

In dredging operation, the high-pressure water jet is widely used for the excavation of soil. To study the jetting process and optimize the dredging devices, the moving vertical water jet penetrating cohesive soil experiments were carried out by Nobel (2013). However, in terms of the design optimization for the dredging...