Further Development of a QGIS Plugin for the CityGML 3D City Database

Diversity in the use cases of semantic 3D city models today is unprecedented. A key enabler for this is the CityGML standard developed by the OGC to facilitate storing and exchanging these city models. Nevertheless, CityGML only provides object definitions which cater for a wide range of applications, making necessary the need to attach...

Mapping the Energy ADE to CityGML 3.0

In order to limit the global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, all sectors have to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and become more sustainable. This also includes the building sector, which is in Europe responsible for 40% of the total energy consumption (European Commission, 2020). A way to work towards this goal is by retrofitting...

Development and Testing of the CityJSON Energy Extension for Space Heating Demand Calculation

3D city models are frequently used to acquire and store energy-related information of buildings to be used in energy applications, such as solar potential analyses and energy demand calculations. In this context, the most common data model is CityGML, which provides an application domain extension called the Energy ADE to store energy-related...

Development of a QGIS plugin for the CityGML 3D City Database

Today, in the urban planning, energy modelling and other fields, semantic 3D city models are used in various applications like visualization, data exploration, analysis and more. As a result, standard data practices needed to be set in order to facilitate the storage and exchange of these city models. For this purpose, the Open Geospatial...

BIM and 3D City Models as Input for Microclimate Simulation

Climate change, and the effect it has on our lives and the world, has been at the centre of debate in the past decades. Also in architecture and urban planning fields, the effect of climate on buildings and cities has always had a role in the design process, nowadays especially when it comes to sustainability related topics. An interesting...

An integrative workflow for 3D city model versioning

3D city models are continuously becoming more popular among practitioners due to the volume and versatility of information they contain, which makes them suitable to be used in various applications. However, there is no mechanism to allow maintaining them updated at the same pace that cities evolve, or when error correction is necessary,...

Using CityGML EnergyADE Data in Honeybee

Urban energy simulation is becoming more and more important in various areas like urban planning, architecture design and city management. It provides quantified insights for architects and governors to deliver energy-efficient approaches. There are already quite a few energy simulation software or engines on the market. Among these tools,...

The use of digital models in microclimatic studies : First steps in coupling CityGML with ENVI-met

In recent years, the need to reduce the global warming of the planet has become more imperative than ever. Global warming and, at local scale, Urban Heat Island phenomena are among the primary effects of the increased building carbon emissions. Nevertheless, understanding and controlling the parameters which intensify, or mitigate, the...

Automatic Conversion of CityGML to IFC

This study presents a methodology to convert from the most dominant 3D city model standard in 3D GIS to BIM. Namely, CityGML to IFC. IFC is chosen because it is the common open standard to exchange data in the BIM world. For the aim of this study, the two standards are divided into 5 comparable sub-parts; Semantics, Geometry, Geographical...

Modelling different levels of detail of roads and intersections in 3D city models

In the last two decades there has been a steady rise in the gathering and use of 3D geo-information. A common way to store and use 3D data is by using 3D city models. In 3D city models, geo-information can be stored at different levels of detail. CityGML, the most commonly used data model and encoding for 3D city models, uses five levels of...

3D City Models in the Context of Urban Mining: A case study based on the CityGML model of Rotterdam

Recently, the application of machine learning and data fusion techniques on hyperspectral imagery have demonstrated potential for ground cover classification at material level. Hereby, specific locations of resources enclosed in cities (e.g. roof materials) can be identified, which is critically relevant within the field of urban mining. A...

Urban Vegetation Modeling 3D Levels of Detail

3D city models are now common planning and analysis tools. Urban vegetation as a feature in these models, however, is neglected overshadowed by the focus on buildings, so its inclusion in 3D city models is often symbolic. On the other hand, urban vegetation improves the comfort and social well being of a city’s inhabitants and is a resource for...

Exploring the automatic Level of Detail inference for the validation of buildings in 3D city models

There are several 3D city models available openly, worldwide. These models are used in various applications, from which many expects a homogeneous Level of Detail (LoD). Validating the accuracy of the LoD of a model requires the inference its LoD class and its conformance to the real-world object. This process quickly becomes infeasible for...

A 3D data modeling approach for integrated management of below and above ground utility network features

Precise and comprehensive knowledge about 3D urban space, critical infrastructures, and below ground features is required for simulation and analysis in the fields of urban and environmental planning, city administration and disaster management. In order to facilitate these applications, geo-information about functional, semantic, and...

Bidirectional enrichment of CityGML and Multi-View Stereo Mesh models

The use of 3D city models has increased the last decades due to the evolution of technology. Their use is related to the need for solutions on issues that correspond to the building environment. Modelling aspects, like geometric, semantic information and topology are necessary, in order to provide an integrated result of spatial analysis. The...

Automatic generation of CityGML LoD3 building models from IFC models

CityGML is a standardized data format used to store the semantic information and geometries of buildings and other object classes of 3D city models. The Level of Detail of current state of the art city models (LoD2) is not sufficient for accurate environmental simulations like noise, the solar potential of windows and other types of analyses. An...

Automatic enhancement of CityGML LoD2 models with interiors and its usability for net internal area determination

Where Level of Detail (LoD) allow City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) models to be shared over different application domains, only one LoD defines building interiors. As there are potentially numerous applications with a need for building interiors (but not with all the details as defined in LoD4), in order to attain a larger applicability...