An Ammonia-Fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - Internal Combustion Engine Hybrid System for Ships

Ammonia (NH3) may reduce CO2 emissions from the marine industry as it is carbon-free and more energy-dense than hydrogen or batteries. Pure ammonia exhibits poor combustion characteristics, so several researchers have already operated small-scale internal combustion engines (ICEs) with ammonia-hydrogen blends. However, nitrogen oxides NOx and...

A single-objective, multi-period optimization model of an alternative maritime fuel supply chain network in the Port of Amsterdam

To reduce the CO2 emissions of the maritime industry, several alternative fuels are being researched to possibly achieve this goal. The absence of an infrastructure for alternative fuels in the current port environment is one of the barriers towards implementation of these high potential fuels. The goal of this thesis project was to create an...