The Rise and Fall of Plan C: A Historical Analysis on Rotterdam’s Urban Development

Plan C, a landmark building in Rotterdam erected in 1889, represents a significant chapter in the city’s urban development. Amidst Rotterdam’s rapid modernization during the late 19th century, Plan C emerged as a multifunctional solution to address pressing traffic congestion issues and symbolized innovative urban renewal strategies. This...

Tracing Shadows and Shaping Futures: Exploring the Legacy and Future of Soviet-Era Housing in Riga

Despite nearly three decades having passed since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Soviet-era housing remains a significant component of major cities’ housing stocks. Often perceived as outdated and socially stigmatized, these housing estates surpass their intended lifespan, leading to difficulties in maintenance and renovation. In this study,...