Material Recovery from Dutch Wind Energy: A dynamic material flow analysis on Dutch wind turbines towards 2050 including recycling approaches for recovery of key materials

The transition to a renewable electricity system requires more intensive material use, causing problem shifting in environmental impacts. To conserve resources for the future and mitigate environmental impact, circular economy principles are needed. This study analyses material flows in Dutch wind energy towards 2050 to identify the potential...

Material stocks and flows in the circular economy: a prospective material flow analysis for vehicles in the Netherlands for 2000-2050

To allow society to operate within planetary boundaries, it is essential to reduce primary material consumption. The Dutch government has set goals to limit the primary extraction by half in 2030 and to be a fully circular economy by 2050. To be able to achieve this without reducing our standards of living, the only way is to extract the...