The Influence of Polycentric Governance on Co-Creation in the Heating Transition: An Explorative Case Study of Middelburg

According to the Dutch Climate Agreement, each municipality has to formulate its heating transition vision strategy by the end of 2021. In the strategy, each municipality has to show how it will make its municipality natural gas-free, specifies the technology that will be implemented and describes the timeline for each of its neighborhoods. This...

The development of a multi-level benchmark framework for evaluating public participation

The growing call for public participation in the context of the energy transition has been accompanied by an upswing in the number of studies evaluating participatory practices. While this is essentially a positive, and even necessary, development in our understanding of what makes good public participation, the practical usability of the...