DOC and Ammonium Removal Processes in Slow Sand FIlters - Influence of Grain Size and Flow Rate

Slow sand filters (SSFs) are essential for ensuring microbial quality and biological stability of drinking water in the Netherlands. However, gaps exist in understanding of removal processes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ammonium and the effects of grain size, loading rate, and backwashing on removal in SSFs.<br/>Four lab-scale SSF...