Numerical modelling of flow depths and velocities at the crest of a rubble mound breakwater using OpenFOAM®

Breakwaters are built in coastal zones to alter sediment transport, or protect threatened habitats and port facilities. The rising sea level is causing more water to overtop these structures. Increasing amounts of overtopping discharge can compromise the security of people, or equipment standing on the crest of breakwaters. The overtopping flow...