Towards 5D BIM: A Process Map for Effective Design and Cost Estimation Integration

The construction industry faces problems in interoperability. Information is not easily interpreted nor accessed by participants. The insufficient level of interoperability occurs due to fragmentation between disciplines in the construction industry. To enhance interoperability, Building Information Modeling (BIM) formed a collaborative model...

Cost Estimation of Construction Projects Using 5D BIM: Integrating the cost engineer in BIM-based processes through activity theory

Cost estimation of construction projects is still carried out using highly manual traditional tools and processes, which are deemed as inefficient and have a direct impact in the productivity levels of the industry. Building Information Modelling or BIM is changing the way projects are developed and has introduced some changes to cost estimation...