Seismic reflection imaging, accounting for primary and multiple reflections

Marchenko imaging

Marchenko imaging

Traditionally, the Marchenko equation forms a basis for 1D inverse scattering problems. A 3D extension of the Marchenko equation enables the retrieval of the Green’s response to a virtual source in the subsurface from reflection measurements at the earth’s surface. This constitutes an important step beyond seismic interferometry. Whereas seismic...

Green's function retrieval from reflection data, in absence of a receiver at the virtual source position

The methodology of Green’s function retrieval by cross-correlation has led to many interesting applications for passive and controlled-source acoustic measurements. In all applications, a virtual source is created at the position of a receiver. Here a method is discussed for Green’s function retrieval from controlled-source reflection data,...

Three-dimensional Marchenko equation for Green's function retrieval “beyond seismic interferometry”

In recent work we showed with heuristic arguments that the Green's response to a virtual source in the subsurface can be obtained from reflection data at the surface. This method is called “Green's function retrieval beyond seismic interferometry”, because, unlike in seismic interferometry, no receiver is needed at the position of the virtual...

Creating the green's response to a virtual source inside a medium using reflection data with internal multiples

Seismic interferometry is a technique that allows one to reconstruct the full wavefield originating from a virtual source inside a medium, assuming a receiver is present at the virtual source location. We discuss a method that creates a virtual source inside a medium from reflection data measured at the surface, without needing a receiver inside...

Data-driven green's function retrieval from reflection data: Theory and example

Recently we introduced a new approach for retrieving the Green's response to a virtual source in the subsurface from reflection data at the surface. Unlike in seismic interferometry, no receiver is needed at the position of the virtual source. Here we present the theory behind this new method. First we introduce the Green's function G and a so...

Creating Virtual Sources Inside an Unknown Medium from Reflection Data: A New Approach to Internal Multiple Elimination

It has recently been shown that the response to a virtual source in the subsurface can be derived from reflection data at the surface and an estimate of the direct arrivals between the virtual source and the surface. Hence, unlike for seismic interferometry, no receivers are needed inside the medium. This new method recovers the complete...