How manoeuvre information via auditory (spatial and beep) and visual UI can enhance trust and acceptance in automated driving

In conditionally automated driving (SAE level 3), drivers may take their eyes off the road but will still need to be ready to take control and will, therefore, benefit from information on automation. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of automation manoeuvre information provided through spatial sound, traditional notification sound...

The influence of a color themed HMI on trust and take-over performance in automated vehicles

Introduction: SAE Level 3 is known as conditional driving automation. As long as certain conditions are met, there is no need to supervise the technology and the driver can engage in non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). However, a human driver must be present and alert to take over when the automation is facing its system limits. When such an...

Beyond Beeps: Designing Ambient Sound as a Take-Over Request in Automated Vehicles

The design of take-over requests in automated vehicles traditionally focuses on safety and reaction time. We are interested in how take-over requests can be designed from a broader user experience perspective while ensuring safety. This paper proposes designs for ambient sound (i.e., soundscape) and driving noise to inform the driver of...

A new approach to sound design in automated vehicles

Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs) aim to support the interaction between automated vehicles and drivers to improve safety and driver experience. With the development of automated vehicles, drivers interact with vehicles in new scenarios. In addition to visual modality, sound is the other modality often used in vehicles. Previously, sounds were...

Effects of User Interfaces on Take-Over Performance: A Review of the Empirical Evidence

In automated driving, the user interface plays an essential role in guiding transitions between automated and manual driving. This literature review identified 25 studies that explicitly studied the effectiveness of user interfaces in automated driving. Our main selection criterion was how the user interface (UI) affected take-over performance...