Stability of toe and scour protection

Local scour can occur at a breakwater constructed on a sandy seabed and may endanger the overall stability due to sliding of the main armour layer if the toe and scour protection is failing. The scouring pattern is a function of the water depth, wave conditions, sediment characteristics, and breakwater configuration and reflection...

Berm breakwater structures: Roundhead stability of berm breakwaters

For berm breakwaters as compared with traditional rubble mound breakwaters, special measures have to be taken for the breakwater roundhead. If stone displacements occur on a roundhead, the stones will be moved in the wave direction and will loose most of their stabilising effect. The major part of the research on berm breakwaters has...

Berm breakwater structures: Roundhead stability of berm breakwaters / Reshaping breakwater - Longshore transport and recession of the berm

For berm breakwaters as compared with traditional rubble mound breakwaters, special measures have to be taken for the breakwater roundhead. If stone displacements occur on a roundhead, the stones will be moved in the wave direction and will loose most of their stabilising effect. A point of special concern is whether, and under which conditions,...