Liquid Phase Oxidations over Chromium- and Related Metal-Substituted Molecular Sieve Catalysts

Cr(VI) and Cr(III)-Based Conversion Coatings on Zinc

With the aims of understanding the protective mechanism of chromate conversion coatings and developing alternatives to chromate treatments, the physical natures and corrosion properties of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) treated zinc have been investigated in this work. The Cr(VI) treatments were carried out in dichromate and sulfuric acid solution with...

Stress in sputter-deposited Cr films: Influence of Ar pressure

We studied the tensile stress and grain-width evolution in sputter-deposited Cr films with thickness from 20?nm to 2.7??m. Films were deposited in an industrial Hauzer 750 physical vapor deposition machine at 50–80?°C. The films exhibited a columnar microstructure. A power law behavior of the tensile stress as well as of the average grain width...

Stress in hard metal films

In the absence of thermal stress, tensile stress in hard metal films is caused by grain boundary shrinkage and compressive stress is caused by ion peening. It is shown that the two contributions are additive. Moreover tensile stress generated at the grain boundaries does not relax by ion bombardment. In polycrystalline hard metal films the grain...

Magnetic properties of electroplated nano/microgranular NiFe thin films for rf application

A granular NiFe thin film with large in-plane magnetic anisotropy and high ferromagnetic-resonance frequency developed for radio-frequency integrated circuit (IC) applications is presented. During the deposition, three-dimensional (3D) growth occurs, yielding NiFe grains (? ? 1.0??m). Nanonuclei (? ? 30–50?nm) are observed in single NiFe grains...