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An analytical equation to predict mortar spalling at laboratory scale

França de Mendonça Filho, F. (author), de Vilder, L.H. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author)

Spalling is the main problem concerning safety in concrete structures under rapid heating. Despite being studied for nearly a century, its prediction remains a challenge. In addition, the main recommendations for its prevention are merely the addition of a fixed amount of polypropylene fibres, without accounting for mix design. This paper...

journal article 2024

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An approach to develop set-on-demand 3D printable limestone-calcined clay-based cementitious materials using calcium nitrate

Chen, Y. (author), Rahmani, Hossein (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author)

The implementation of extrusion-based 3D concrete printing (3DCP) in large-scale constructions is currently limited by concerns regarding rheology control and the sustainability of this process. To address these issues, this study presents an approach to develop limestone-calcined clay-based cementitious (LC3) materials accelerated by Ca(NO...

journal article 2023

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Non-destructive screening methodology based on handheld XRF for the classification of concrete: cement type-driven separation

Nedeljković, Marija (author), Tošić, Nikola (author), Holthuizen, Patrick (author), França de Mendonça Filho, F. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Fennis, Sonja (author)

The utilization of locally available concrete waste for producing recycled concrete aggregates is recognized as one of the most sustainable ways of satisfying the growing demand for concrete production. However, the quality of concrete waste depends on its origin and it may significantly differ from one concrete structure to another. Knowing the...

journal article 2023

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Improving structural build-up of limestone-calcined clay-cement pastes by using inorganic additives

Chen, Y. (author), Zhang, Y. (author), He, S. (author), Liang, X. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author)

In 3D concrete printing, fast structuration is a prerequisite for ideal buildability. This paper aims to study the impact of inorganic additives, i.e., CaCl₂ and gypsum, on structural build-up and very early-age hydration of limestone-calcined clay-cement (LC3) pastes within the first 70–80 min. Results show that, increasing the...

journal article 2023

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Can superabsorbent polymers be used as rheology modifiers for cementitious materials in the context of 3D concrete printing?

Chen, Y. (author), Liang, M. (author), Zhang, Y. (author), Li, Z. (author), Šavija, B. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author)

Autogenous shrinkage may be a critical issue concerning the use of limestone-calcined clay-cement (LC3) in high-performance concrete and 3D printable cementitious materials, which have relatively low water to binder (W/B) ratio. Adding an internal curing agent, i.e., superabsorbent polymer (SAP), could be a viable solution in this context....

journal article 2023

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Rheology control of limestone calcined clay cement pastes by modifying the content of fine-grained metakaolin

Chen, Y. (author), Zhang, Y. (author), He, S. (author), Liang, M. (author), Zhang, Yamei (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author)

Limestone-calcined clay-cement (LC3), as one of the most promising sustainable cements, has been under development over the past decade. However, many uncertainties remain regarding its rheological behaviors, such as the metakaolin content of calcined clay. This study aims to investigate the effect of increasing the content of fine-grained...

journal article 2023

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Effect of curing methods during a long time gap between two printing sessions on the interlayer bonding of 3D printed cementitious materials

Chen, Y. (author), Chang, Z. (author), He, S. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Šavija, B. (author), Schlangen, E. (author)

A good bond between the layers of 3D printed cementitious materials is a prerequisite for having high structural rigidity for the printed elements. However, the influence of printing process on an interlayer bond is still not well understood. This study investigates the influence of curing methods (i.e., air curing, plastic film covering, wet...

journal article 2022

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Plutonic Rocks as Protection Layers to Concrete Exposed to Ultra-High Temperature

França de Mendonça Filho, F. (author), Romero Rodriguez, C. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author)

Concrete structures perform poorly when withstanding thermal shock events, usually requiring repair or replacement after one single instance. In certain industries (such as petrol, metallurgic and ceramics), these events are not only likely but frequent, which represents a considerable financial burden. One option to solve this issue would be to...

journal article 2022

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Effect of slags of different origins and the role of sulfur in slag on the hydration characteristics of cement-slag systems

Zhang, Y. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author)

The effect of slag of different origins (synthetic slag produced in the laboratory and commercial slag collected from different steel factories) with comparable chemical composition, amorphous content and particle size distribution, on the hydration characteristics of slag cement was investigated. In order to study the effect of sulfur in...

journal article 2022

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Surface effects of molten slag spills on calcium aluminate cement paste

França de Mendonça Filho, F. (author), Romero Rodriguez, C. (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author)

Industries such as metal, ceramics and petrochemicals suffer from high temperature spills. Such events exert a unique form of loading in concrete structures that cannot be accurately simulated by heating of samples in an oven. Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) based concrete is the industry standard for such environment, and while much is known...

journal article 2022

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A review of printing strategies, sustainable cementitious materials and characterization methods in the context of extrusion-based 3D concrete printing

Chen, Y. (author), He, S. (author), Gan, Y. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Veer, F.A. (author), Schlangen, E. (author)

This paper aims to provide a systematical review of the available printing strategies, sustainable cementitious materials and characterization methods for extrusion-based 3D concrete printing (3DCP). The printing strategies, consisting of printing setup, process, and material requirements, were summarized initially. In the material aspect,...

journal article 2022

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Characterization of air-void systems in 3D printed cementitious materials using optical image scanning and X-ray computed tomography

Chen, Y. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Romero Rodriguez, C. (author), França de Mendonça Filho, F. (author), Schlangen, E. (author)

For many 3D printed cementitious materials, air voids may play a dominant role in the interlayer bond strength. However, to date, far too little attention has been paid to reveal the air void characteristics in 3D printed cementitious materials. Therefore, to fill this gap, this study attempts to provide an example of systematically...

journal article 2021

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Sustainable materials for 3D concrete printing

Bhattacherjee, Shantanu (author), Basavaraj, Anusha S. (author), Rahul, A. V. (author), Santhanam, Manu (author), Gettu, Ravindra (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Chen, Y. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Wang, Li (author)

This paper explores the sustainability aspects of binders used in concrete 3D concrete printing. Firstly, a prospective approach to conduct sustainability-assessment based on the life cycle of 3D printed structures is presented, which also highlights the importance of considering the functional requirements of the mixes used for 3D printing....

journal article 2021

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Determination of loss of reinforcement due to corrosion through X-ray computer micro-tomography

França de Mendonça Filho, F. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Šavija, B. (author)

X-ray computer scanning tomography (CT scan) is an increasingly more available technique, which has been applied to material sciences for years. Although most of its use is qualitative for gaining insights on material behavior, quantitative analysis for estimations of deterioration rates is possible. This paper describes an unbiased,...

journal article 2021

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3D printing of calcined clay-limestone-based cementitious materials

Chen, Y. (author), He, S. (author), Zhang, Y. (author), Wan, Z. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Schlangen, E. (author)

This paper aims to investigate the influences of high Portland cement substitutions (>60 wt%) by low-grade calcined clay (CC) and limestone (LF) on 3D concrete printability, stiffness evolution and early-age hydration. Results show that, with the same dosage of admixtures (superplasticizer and viscosity modifier), increasing LF and CC...

journal article 2021

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Improving printability of limestone-calcined clay-based cementitious materials by using viscosity-modifying admixture

Chen, Y. (author), Chaves Figueiredo, S. (author), Li, Z. (author), Chang, Z. (author), Jansen, K. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Schlangen, E. (author)

In 3D concrete printing (3DCP), it is necessary to meet contradicting rheological requirements: high fluidity during pumping and extrusion, and high stability and viscosity at rest to build the layered structure. In this paper, the impact of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based viscosity-modifying admixture (VMA) on the 3D printability...

journal article 2020

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Effect of different grade levels of calcined clays on fresh and hardened properties of ternary-blended cementitious materials for 3D printing

Chen, Y. (author), Romero Rodriguez, C. (author), Li, Z. (author), Chen, B. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Schlangen, E. (author)

This study aims to investigate the influences of different grades of calcined clay on 3D printability, compressive strength (7 days), and hydration of limestone and calcined clay-based cementitious materials. Calcined clays that contained various amounts of metakaolin were achieved by blending low-grade calcined clay (LGCC) and high-grade...

journal article 2020

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Effect of printing parameters on interlayer bond strength of 3D printed limestone-calcined clay-based cementitious materials: An experimental and numerical study

Chen, Y. (author), Jansen, K. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Romero Rodriguez, C. (author), Gan, Y. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Schlangen, E. (author)

For a single batch material, time intervals and nozzle standoff distances between two subsequent layers are two critical printing parameters that influence the mechanical performance of the printed concrete. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study to investigate the impacts of these printing parameters on the interlayer bond...

journal article 2020

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Mechanical behavior of printed strain hardening cementitious composites

Chaves Figueiredo, S. (author), Romero Rodriguez, C. (author), Ahmed, Zeeshan Y. (author), Bos, Derk H. (author), Xu, Y. (author), Salet, Theo M. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Schlangen, E. (author), Bos, Freek P. (author)

Extrusion based additive manufacturing of cementitious materials has demonstrated strong potential to become widely used in the construction industry. However, the use of this technique in practice is conditioned by a feasible solution to implement reinforcement in such automated process. One of the most successful ductile materials in civil...

journal article 2020

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The Effect Of Viscosity Modifier Agent On The Early Age Strength Of The Limestone And Calcined Clay-Based Sustainable And 3D Printable Cementitious Material

Chen, Y. (author), Yalçinkaya, Ç. (author), Copuroglu, Oguzhan (author), Schlangen, E. (author)

Recently, our group attempted to develop the ternary blended (Portland cement, calcined clay and limestone) cementitious material for 3D concrete printing (3DCP). Due to the elimination of formwork during the layer-by-layer casting process, the printed material should have favorable elastic properties and green strength at the fresh state. A...

conference paper 2019