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A Resilience Enhanced Secondary Control for AC Micro-grids

Xiao, J. (author), Wang, L. (author), Qin, Z. (author), Bauer, P. (author)

Communication-based distributed secondary control is deemed necessary to restore the state of islanding AC microgrids to set points. As its limited global information, the microgrids become vulnerable to cyber-attacks, which by falsifying the communicating singles, like the angular frequency, can disturb the power dispatch in the microgrids...

journal article 2024

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Enhanced Strain Measurement Sensitivity with Gold Nanoparticle-Doped Distributed Optical Fibre Sensing

Wang, X. (author), Xiao, Y. (author), Rans, C.D. (author), Benedictus, R. (author), Groves, R.M. (author)

Nanoparticle- (NP-) doped optical fibres show the potential to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and thus the sensitivity of optical fibre strain detection for structural health monitoring. In this paper, our previous experimental/simulation study is extended to a design study for strain monitoring. 100 nm spherical gold NPs were randomly...

journal article 2024

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Research on Recycling of Phosphorus Tailings Powder in Open-Graded Friction Course Asphalt Concrete

Xiao, Yue (author), Ju, Xinjiang (author), Li, Chao (author), Wang, Tianlei (author), Mr. Wu, R.W. (author)

The reuse in high-value materials is one of the important resource utilization approaches of phosphorus tailings. At present, a mature technical system has been formed on the reuse of phosphorus slag in building materials, and silicon fertilizers in the extraction of yellow phosphorus. But there is a lack of research on the high-value reuse...

journal article 2023

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Direct discharge of sewage to natural water through illicitly connected urban stormwater systems: An overlooked source of dissolved organic matter

Zhang, Ruihua (author), Xiao, Rong (author), Wang, Feifei (author), Chu, Wenhai (author), Hu, Jinglong (author), Zhang, Yu (author), Jin, Wei (author), van der Hoek, J.P. (author), Xu, Zuxin (author)

The illicit connection of sewage pipes to stormwater pipes commonly occurs in urban stormwater systems. This brings problems that sewage might be directly discharges into natural water and even drinking water sources without treatment, posing risks to ecological safety. Sewage contains various unknown dissolved organic matter (DOM), which could...

journal article 2023

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Assessment of Vigilance Level during Work: Fitting a Hidden Markov Model to Heart Rate Variability

Wang, Hanyu (author), Chen, Dengkai (author), Huang, Y. (author), Zhang, Yahan (author), Qiao, Yidan (author), Xiao, Jianghao (author), Xie, Ning (author), Fan, Hao (author)

This study aimed to enhance the real-time performance and accuracy of vigilance assessment by developing a hidden Markov model (HMM). Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were collected and processed to remove noise and baseline drift. A group of 20 volunteers participated in the study. Their heart rate variability (HRV) was measured to train...

journal article 2023

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Triplet correlations in Cooper pair splitters realized in a two-dimensional electron gas

Wang, Q. (author), ten Haaf, S.L.D. (author), Kulesh, I. (author), Xiao, Di (author), Thomas, Candice (author), Manfra, Michael J. (author), Goswami, S. (author)

Cooper pairs occupy the ground state of superconductors and are typically composed of maximally entangled electrons with opposite spin. In order to study the spin and entanglement properties of these electrons, one must separate them spatially via a process known as Cooper pair splitting (CPS). Here we provide the first demonstration of CPS...

journal article 2023

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Experimental analysis of ballast bed state in newly constructed railways after tamping and stabilizing operation

Xiao, Hong (author), Zhang, Zhihai (author), Zhu, Yajie (author), Gan, Tiancheng (author), Wang, Haoyu (author)

Before the operation of newly constructed railways, tamping and stabilizing machines should be used to improve the quality of ballast beds. With the expansion of the railway network and increase of speeds and axle loads, higher quality and efficiency for tamping and stabilizing operation are required. However, previous studies did not involve...

journal article 2023

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Chemical fingerprinting of volatile organic compounds from asphalt binder for quantitative detection

Chang, Xiwen (author), Long, Yongshuang (author), Wang, C. (author), Xiao, Yue (author)

Asphalt material is an irreplaceable material in road construction. However, it releases VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds), which do cause pollution to the surrounding environment, during its full life cycle, especially in high-temperature paving stage and summer service time. Asphalt VOCs release mechanism and effective emission reduction...

journal article 2023

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Experimental study and discrete element analysis on lateral resistance of windblown sand railway

Zhang, Zhihai (author), Xiao, Hong (author), Wang, Y. (author), Fang, Jia (author), Nadakatti, M. M. (author), Wang, Haoyu (author)

The lateral resistance of ballast bed is an important parameter to prevent track expansion and maintain track stability. The invasion of sand particles can cause the change of lateral resistance of ballast bed and affect the stability of track structure, but little attention has been paid to the change characteristics of nonlinear lateral...

journal article 2022

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Mechanical behaviour and energy evolution of polyurethane-mixed ballast under revised bonding constitutive model

Xiao, Hong (author), Ling, Xing (author), Wang, Meng (author), Fang, Shu Wei (author), Wang, Haoyu (author)

The bonding contact presents complex modes in polyurethane-mixed ballast. The commonly used parallel bond model is revised and four different contact models are developed including Ballast-Ballast Contact Bonding, Ballast-Ballast Noncontact Bonding, Ballast-Sleeper Contact Bonding, and Ballast-Sleeper Noncontact Bonding. The mechanical...

journal article 2022

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Discrete Element Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Ballast Bed by Tamping in Railway Turnout Areas

Chi, Yihao (author), Xiao, Hong (author), Zhang, Zhihai (author), Fang, Shuwei (author), Wang, Haoyu (author)

Turnout is the key component of the railway tracks for trains to change direction, which is vital to operational safety and passenger comfort. Therefore, it is of great importance to perform a scientific and reasonable tamping operation for turnout areas. In this paper, based on the commercial software EDEM and RECURDYN, a coupled simulation...

journal article 2022

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Structural analysis and parametric study ballasted track in sandy regions

Xiao, Hong (author), Zhang, Zhihai (author), Chi, Yihao (author), Wang, Xiaoyu (author), Wang, Haoyu (author), Jiang, Ziqing (author)

The sand intrusion in railway tracks in sandy regions can significantly change the mechanical behaviour of tracks and thus threaten the safety of train operation. This paper presents substantial field tests on both sandy and clean railway tracks to study the effect of sand intrusion on the longitudinal resistance of ballast bed and the...

journal article 2022

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Plot-level reconstruction of 3D tree models for aboveground biomass estimation

Fan, Guangpeng (author), Xu, Zhenyu (author), Wang, Jinhu (author), Nan, L. (author), Xiao, Huijie (author), Xin, Zhiming (author), Chen, Feixiang (author)

Complexity of forest structure is an important factor contributing to uncertainty in aboveground biomass estimates. In this study, we present a new method for reducing uncertainty in forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation based on plot-level terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) point clouds reconstruction. The method estimates the total AGB...

journal article 2022

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InSbAs Two-Dimensional Electron Gases as a Platform for Topological Superconductivity

Möhle, C.M. (author), Ke, C. (author), Wang, Q. (author), Xiao, Di (author), Karwal, S. (author), Lodari, M. (author), Van De Kerkhof, Vincent (author), Termaat, Ruben (author), Scappucci, G. (author), Goswami, S. (author)

Topological superconductivity can be engineered in semiconductors with strong spin-orbit interaction coupled to a superconductor. Experimental advances in this field have often been triggered by the development of new hybrid material systems. Among these, two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) are of particular interest due to their inherent...

journal article 2021

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Traffic Flow Impacts of Converting an HOV Lane Into a Dedicated CACC Lane on a Freeway Corridor

Xiao, L. (author), Wang, M. (author), van Arem, B. (author)

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems can increase roadway capacity, but the benefits are marginal at low market penetration rates (MPRs). Thus, a CACC dedicated lane is considered to group CACC vehicles for efficient traffic stream. Concepts of converting existing High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes into CACC lanes emerge, which...

journal article 2020

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Transient Pressure Analysis for Multifractured Horizontal Well with the Use of Multilinear Flow Model in Shale Gas Reservoir

Wang, Guangdong (author), Jia, Ailin (author), Wei, Yunsheng (author), Xiao, C. (author)

Shale gas reservoirs (SGR) have been a central supply of carbon hydrogen energy consumption and hence widely produced with the assistance of advanced hydraulic fracturing technologies. On the one hand, due to the inherent ultralow permeability and porosity, there is stress sensitivity in the reservoirs generally. On the other hand, hydraulic...

journal article 2020

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Understanding the Working Time of Developers in IT Companies in China and the United States

Zhang, Jiayun (author), Chen, Yang (author), Gong, Qingyuan (author), Ding, Aaron Yi (author), Xiao, Yu (author), Wang, Xin (author), Hui, Pan (author)

We identified three temporal patterns shown in commit activities among Chinese and American companies and found that Chinese businesses are more likely to follow long work hours than American ones. We also conducted a survey on the trends of, reasons for, and results of overtime work. Our study could provide references for developers to...

journal article 2020

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Analysis on mechanical characteristics of welded joint with a new reinforced device in high-speed railway

Xiao, Hong (author), Yan, Dongwei (author), Liu, Guangpeng (author), Wang, Haoyu (author)

High-speed railways adopt continuous welded rail to maintain the smoothness and continuity of the rail surface. However, the welded joint became one of the weakest parts. In order to clear the characteristics and mechanical properties of the new reinforced device, a dynamic three-dimensional vehicle-reinforced device-track coupling model is...

journal article 2020

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Cross-Comparison and Calibration of Two Microscopic Traffic Simulation Models for Complex Freeway Corridors with Dedicated Lanes

Kan, Xingan (author), Xiao, L. (author), Liu, Hao (author), Wang, M. (author), Schakel, W.J. (author), Lu, Xiao-Yun (author), van Arem, B. (author), Shladover, SE (author), Ferlis, Robert A. (author)

Realistic microscopic traffic simulation is essential for prospective evaluation of the potential impacts of new traffic control strategies. Freeway corridors with interacting bottlenecks and dedicated lanes generate complex traffic flow phenomena and congestion patterns, which are difficult to reproduce with existing microscopic simulation...

journal article 2019

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Unravelling effects of cooperative adaptive cruise control deactivation on traffic flow characteristics at merging bottlenecks

Xiao, L. (author), Wang, M. (author), Schakel, W.J. (author), van Arem, B. (author)

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems have the potential to increase roadway capacity and mitigate traffic congestion thanks to the short following distance enabled by inter-vehicle communication. However, due to limitations in acceleration and deceleration capabilities of CACC systems, deactivation and switch to ACC or human...

journal article 2018