Combined CNN and RNN Neural Networks for GPR Detection of Railway Subgrade Diseases

Vehicle-mounted ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used to non-destructively inspect and evaluate railway subgrade conditions. However, existing GPR data processing and interpretation methods mostly rely on time-consuming manual interpretation, and limited studies have applied machine learning methods. GPR data are complex, high...

Assessment of ballast layer under multiple field conditions in China

Ballast layer condition should be more regularly and accurately inspected to ensure safe train operation; however, traditional inspection methods cannot sufficiently fulfil this task. This paper presents a method of ground penetrating radar (GPR) application to reflect ballast layer fouling levels under diverse field conditions (annual gross...