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Hasegawa-Johnson, Mark (author), Chen, Wenda (author), Scharenborg, O.E. (author)In engineering applications, phones are the representation intermediate between text and speech in many text-to-speech (TTS) and speech-to-text (STT) systems. When a language has no written form, TTS and STT are no longer meaningful acronyms as there is no text; we consider instead XTS and STX, where X is some other representation that can be...abstract 2018