State-of-the-Art Review of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Applications for Railway Ballast Inspection

In the past 20 years, many studies have been performed on ballast layer inspection and condition evaluation with ground penetrating radar (GPR). GPR is a non-destructive means that can reflect the ballast layer condition (fouling, moisture) by analysing the received signal variation. Even though GPR detection/inspection for ballast layers has...

Macro-meso dynamic analysis of railway transition zone: Hybrid DEM/FDM simulation and experimental validation

To probe into the mechanical behaviour of railway transition zone from the macro-meso aspects, a numerical model of transition zone is built that hybrids the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Finite Difference Method (FDM). The DEM is utilised to simulate the ballast bed and sleeper, because it can consider the realistic ballast shapes and...

Green manufacturing of metallic nanoparticles: A facile and universal approach to scaling up

High-yield and continuous synthesis of ultrapure inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) of well-defined size and composition has invariably been one of the major challenges in nanotechnology. Employing green techniques that avoid the use of poisonous and expensive chemicals has been realized as a necessity for manufacturing NPs on an industrial scale. In...

Scalable and Environmentally Benign Process for Smart Textile Nanofinishing

A major challenge in nanotechnology is that of determining how to introduce green and sustainable principles when assembling individual nanoscale elements to create working devices. For instance, textile nanofinishing is restricted by the many constraints of traditional pad-dry-cure processes, such as the use of costly chemical precursors to...