Influence of the density of placement on the stability of armour layers on breakwaters

Studies on the stability of the amour layer (d’Angremond et. al. [1999] revealed the importance of density of placement. The current research focuses on the influence of the density of placement on the stability of cubes in a double armour layer and tetrapods and rocks in a single armour layer. The experiments were performed in the Laboratory of...

Positioning of cubes on a breakwater slope

Recent research has shown that it is possible to use concrete cubes as a single armour layer on breakwaters. However, this is only possible in case a placing density of at least 70 % is achieved. In lab-tests it is no problem to place cubes with this density, however it is questionable if such a placing density can be achieved in prototype...