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Design, implementation and application of the Marchenko plane-wave algorithm

Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Almobarak, Mohammed (author), van IJsseldijk, J.E. (author), Brackenhoff, Joeri (author), Meles, Giovanni (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author)

The Marchenko algorithm can suppress the disturbing effects of internal multiples that are present in seismic reflection data. To achieve this, a set of coupled equations with four unknowns is solved. These coupled equations are separated into a set of two equations with two unknowns using a time window. The two unknown focusing functions can...

journal article 2024

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Extracting small time-lapse traveltime changes in a reservoir using primaries and internal multiples after Marchenko-based target zone isolation

van IJsseldijk, J.E. (author), van der Neut, J.R. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author)

Geophysical monitoring of subsurface reservoirs relies on detecting small changes in the seismic response between a baseline and monitor study. However, internal multiples, related to the over- and underburden, can obstruct the view of the target response, hence complicating the time-lapse analysis. To retrieve a response that is free from...

journal article 2023

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Time-lapse applications of the Marchenko method on the Troll field

van IJsseldijk, J.E. (author), Brackenhoff, Joeri (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author)

The data-driven Marchenko method is able to redatum wavefields to arbitrary locations in the subsurface, and can, therefore, be used to isolate zones of specific interest. This creates a new reflection response of the target zone without interference from over- or underburden reflectors. Consequently, the method is well suited to obtain a...

journal article 2023

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3D Marchenko applications: implementation and examples

Brackenhoff, J.A. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Meles, G.A. (author), Koehne, Victor (author), Barrera, Diego (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author)

We implement the 3D Marchenko equations to retrieve responses to virtual sources inside the subsurface. For this, we require reflection data at the surface of the Earth that contain no free-surface multiples and are densely sampled in space. The required 3D reflection data volume is very large and solving the Marchenko equations requires a...

journal article 2022

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Implementation of the Marchenko multiple elimination algorithm

Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Zhang, L. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author), Slob, E.C. (author)

The Marchenko multiple elimination (MME) and transmission compensation schemes retrieve primary reflections in the two-way traveltime domain without model information or using adaptive subtraction. Both schemes are derived from projected Marchenko equations and are similar to each other, but they use different time-domain truncation operators...

journal article 2021

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Marchenko redatuming, imaging and multiple elimination, and their mutual relations

Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author), Brackenhoff, J.A. (author), Dukalski, Marcin (author), Meles, G.A. (author), Slob, E.C. (author), Staring, M. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), van der Neut, J.R. (author), Zhang, L. (author), Reinicke Urruticoechea, C. (author)

With the Marchenko method it is possible to retrieve Green's functions between virtual sources in the subsurface and receivers at the surface from reflection data at the surface and focusing functions. A macro model of the subsurface is needed to estimate the first arrival; the internal multiples are retrieved entirely from the reflection data....

journal article 2021

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3-D Virtual Seismology

Brackenhoff, J.A. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author)

We create virtual sources and receivers in a 3-D subsurface using the previously derived single-sided homogeneous Green's function representation. We employ Green's functions and focusing functions that are obtained using reflection data at the Earth's surface, a macrovelocity model, and the Marchenko method. The homogeneous Green's function is...

journal article 2021

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Data-driven retrieval of primary plane-wave responses

Meles, G.A. (author), Zhang, L. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author), Slob, E.C. (author)

Seismic images provided by reverse time migration can be contaminated by artefacts associated with the migration of multiples. Multiples can corrupt seismic images, producing both false positives, that is by focusing energy at unphysical interfaces, and false negatives, that is by destructively interfering with primaries. Multiple prediction...

journal article 2020

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Monitoring of induced distributed double-couple sources using Marchenko-based virtual receivers

Brackenhoff, J.A. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author)

We aim to monitor and characterize signals in the subsurface by combining these passive signals with recorded reflection data at the surface of the Earth. To achieve this, we propose a method to create virtual receivers from reflection data using the Marchenko method. By applying homogeneous Green's function retrieval, these virtual receivers...

journal article 2019

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Green's theorem in seismic imaging across the scales

Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author), Brackenhoff, J.A. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author)

The earthquake seismology and seismic exploration communities have developed a variety of seismic imaging methods for passive- and active-source data. Despite the seemingly different approaches and underlying principles, many of those methods are based in some way or another on Green's theorem. The aim of this paper is to discuss a variety of...

journal article 2019

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Virtual Sources and Receivers in the Real Earth: Considerations for Practical Applications

Brackenhoff, J.A. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author)

To enhance monitoring of the subsurface, virtual sources and receivers inside the subsurface can be created from seismic reflection data at the surface of the Earth using the Marchenko method. The response between these virtual sources and receivers can be obtained through the use of homogeneous Green's function retrieval. A homogeneous Green's...

journal article 2019

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Transmission compensated primary reflection retrieval in the data domain and consequences for imaging

Zhang, L. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author), Slob, E.C. (author)

We have developed a scheme that retrieves primary reflections in the two-way traveltime domain by filtering the data. The data have their own filter that removes internal multiple reflections, whereas the amplitudes of the retrieved primary reflections are compensated for two-way transmission losses. Application of the filter does not require...

journal article 2019

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Data-driven internal multiple elimination and its consequences for imaging: A comparison of strategies

Zhang, L. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author), Slob, E.C. (author)

We have compared three data-driven internal multiple reflection elimination schemes derived from the Marchenko equations and inverse scattering series (ISS). The two schemes derived from Marchenko equations are similar but use different truncation operators. The first scheme creates a new data set without internal multiple reflections. The...

journal article 2019

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Virtual acoustics in inhomogeneous media with single-sided access

Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author), Brackenhoff, J.A. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), van der Neut, J.R. (author), Slob, E.C. (author), Verschuur, D.J. (author)

A virtual acoustic source inside a medium can be created by emitting a time-reversed point-source response from the enclosing boundary into the medium. However, in many practical situations the medium can be accessed from one side only. In those cases the time-reversal approach is not exact. Here, we demonstrate the experimental design and...

journal article 2018

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Virtual plane-wave imaging via Marchenko redatuming

Meles, G.A. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author)

Marchenko redatuming is a novel scheme used to retrieve up- and downgoing Green's functions in an unknown medium.Marchenko equations are based on reciprocity theorems and are derived on the assumption of the existence of functions exhibiting space-time focusing properties once injected in the subsurface. In contrast to interferometry but...

journal article 2018

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Implementation of the marchenko method

Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Slob, E.C. (author), Brackenhoff, J.A. (author), van der Neut, J.R. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author)

The Marchenko method makes it possible to compute subsurface-to-surface Green's functions from reflection measurements at the surface. Applications of the Marchenko method have already been discussed in many papers, but its implementation aspects have not yet been discussed in detail. Solving the Marchenko equation is an inverse problem. The...

journal article 2017

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Accounting for free-surface multiples in Marchenko imaging

Singh, S. (author), Snieder, R (author), van der Neut, J.R. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Slob, E.C. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author)

Imagine placing a receiver at any location in the earth and recording the response at that location to sources on the surface. In such a world, we could place receivers around our reservoir to better image the reservoir and understand its properties. Realistically, this is not a feasible approach for understanding the subsurface. We have...

journal article 2017

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A single-sided homogeneous Green's function representation for holographic imaging, inverse scattering, time-reversal acoustics and interferometric Green's function retrieval

Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), van der Neut, J.R. (author)

Green's theorem plays a fundamental role in a diverse range of wavefield imaging applications, such as holographic imaging, inverse scattering, time-reversal acoustics and interferometric Green's function retrieval. In many of those applications, the homogeneous Green's function (i.e. the Green's function of the wave equation without a...

journal article 2016

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Seismic reflection imaging, accounting for primary and multiple reflections

Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author), Van der Neut, J.R. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Broggini, F. (author), Slob, E.C. (author), Snieder, R. (author)

journal article 2015

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An illustration of adaptive Marchenko imaging

Van der Neut, J.R. (author), Wapenaar, C.P.A. (author), Thorbecke, J.W. (author), Slob, E.C. (author), Vasconcelos, I. (author)

In Marchenko imaging, wavefields are retrieved at specified focal points in the subsurface through an iterative scheme derived from the multidimensional Marchenko equation. The method requires seismic-reflection data at the earth’s surface (after free-surface multiple elimination) and an estimate of the direct wavefield from the surface to each...

journal article 2015