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Zaal, P.M.T. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Chu, Q.P. (author), Van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, M. (author), Mulder, J.A. (author)This paper presents a new method for estimating the parameters of multi-channel pilot models that is based on maximum likelihood estimation. To cope with the inherent nonlinearity of this optimization problem, the gradient-based Gauss-Newton algorithm commonly used to optimize the likelihood function in terms of output error is complemented with...journal article 2009
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Kolff, Maurice (author), Venrooij, J. (author), Schwienbacher, Markus (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)When designing driving simulation experiments with motion cueing, it is often necessary to make choices between Motion Cueing Algorithms (MCAs) without being fully able to know how well an MCA will perform during the experiment. Choices between MCAs can therefore be greatly supported by previous measurements or predictions of motion cueing...journal article 2021
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Pool, D.M. (author), Zaal, P.M.T. (author), Pieters, M.A. (author), Stroosma, O. (author), Mulder, Max (author)This paper investigates the interaction effects of motion filter order and break frequency on pilots’ manual control behavior and control performance using two simulators. Eighteen pilots performed the experiment in the Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) at NASA Ames Research Center and 20 pilots in the SIMONA Research Simulator at Delft University...journal article 2021
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)In the design of human-like steering support systems, driver models are essential for matching the supporting automation's behavior to that of the human driver. However, current driver models are very limited in capturing the driver's adaptation to key task variables such as road width and visibility (i.e., 'preview' of the road ahead). This...journal article 2023
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Drop, F.M. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author), Bulthoff, Heinrich H. (author)The human controller (HC) in manual control of a dynamical system often follows a visible and predictable reference path (target). The HC can adopt a control strategy combining closed-loop feedback and an open-loop feedforward response. The effects of the target signal waveform shape and the system dynamics on the human feedforward dynamics...journal article 2018
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Drop, F.M. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author), Bülthoff, Heinrich H. (author)Realistic manual control tasks typically involve predictable target signals and random disturbances. The human controller (HC) is hypothesized to use a feedforward control strategy for target-following, in addition to feedback control for disturbance-rejection. Little is known about human feedforward control, partly because common system...journal article 2017
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Versteeg, Rogier (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)This article discusses a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network that uses raw time-domain data obtained in compensatory tracking tasks as input features for classifying (the adaptation of) human manual control with single- and double-integrator controlled element dynamics. Data from two different experiments were used to train...journal article 2024
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Scaramuzzino, Paolo Francesco (author), Pavel, M.D. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Stroosma, O. (author), Mulder, Max (author), Quaranta, Giuseppe (author)This paper analyzes the effects of the helicopter dynamics on pilots’ learning process and transfer of learned skills during autorotation training. A quasi-transfer-of-training experiment was performed with 14 experienced helicopter pilots in a moving-base flight simulator. Two types of helicopter dynamics, characterized by a different...journal article 2021
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Miletović, I. (author), Pavel, M.D. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Stroosma, O. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author), Wentink, Mark (author)Eigenmode distortion is a novel quantitative methodology developed to objectively evaluate motion cueing fidelity in flight simulation. It relies on an explicit coupling of linearized vehicle and Motion Cueing Algorithm dynamics. Modal analysis subsequently performed on this coupled system reveals the degree of distortion imposed by the Motion...journal article 2021
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Drop, F.M. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author), Bülthoff, Heinrich H. (author)The human controller (HC) can greatly improve target-tracking performance by utilizing a feedforward operation on the target signal, in addition to a feedback response. System identification methods are used to determine the correct HC model structure: purely feedback or a combined feedforward/feedback model. In this paper, we investigate three...journal article 2016
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Lakerveld, P.R. (author), Damveld, H.J. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, K. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)This paper investigates the importance of yaw and sway motion cues in curve driving simulation. While such motion cues are known to enhance simulation realism, their function in supporting realistic driver behavior in simulators is still largely unknown. A human-in-the-loop curve driving experiment was performed in the SIMONA Research Simulator...journal article 2016
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Cleij, D. (author), Venrooij, J. (author), Pretto, Paolo (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author), Bulthoff, Heinrich H. (author)Motion cueing algorithms are used in motion simulation to map the inertial vehicle motion onto the limited simulator motion space. This mapping causes mismatches between the unrestricted visual motion and the constrained inertial motion, which results in perceived motion incongruence (PMI). It is still largely unknown what exactly causes...journal article 2018
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Due to linear perspective, the visual stimulus provided by a previewed reference trajectory reduces with increasing distance ahead. This paper investigates the effects of linear perspective on human use of preview in manual control tasks. Results of a human-in-the-loop tracking experiment are presented, where the linear perspective&#x0027...journal article 2018
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Mulder, Max (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Abbink, D.A. (author), Boer, E.R. (author), Zaal, P.M.T. (author), Drop, F.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Manual control cybernetics aims to understand and describe how humans control vehicles and devices using mathematical models of human control dynamics. This “cybernetic approach” enables objective and quantitative comparisons of human behavior, and allows a systematic optimization of human control interfaces and training...journal article 2017
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Drivers rely on a variety of cues from different modalities while steering, but which exact cues are most important and how these different cues are used is still mostly unclear. The goal of our research project is to increase understanding of driver steering behavior; through a measuring and modeling approach we aim to extend the validity of...journal article 2019
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Mulder, Max (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Mathematical human control models are widely used in tuning manual control systems and understanding human performance. Human behavior is commonly described using linear time-invariant models, averaging-out all non-linear and time-varying effects, which are gathered into the remnant. These models are limited in their capability to capture...journal article 2022
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Mulder, Max (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Cyberneticists develop mathematical human control models which are used to tune manual control systems and understand human performance limits. Neuroscientists explore the physiology and circuitry of the central nervous system to understand how the brain works. Both research human visuomotor control tasks, such as the pursuit tracking task....journal article 2022
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de Jong, M.A. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Mathematical human controller (HC) models are widely used in tuning manual control systems and for understanding human performance. Typically, quasi-linear HC models are used, which can accurately capture the linear portion of HCs' behavior, averaged over a long measurement window. This paper presents a deep learning HC skill-level evaluation...journal article 2022
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Bentinck, Pieter Bas J.C. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), Hoagg, Jesse B. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Better understanding of manual control requires more research on human anticipatory feedforward behaviour. Recent advances include a human control model for preview tracking, and a subsystem identification (SSID) technique that uses a candidate pool approach to identify the human feedforward and feedback responses. This paper discusses the...journal article 2022
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van Ham, Jacomijn M. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)This paper presents the results of an experiment that was performed to verify the 'supervisory control algorithm', a well-known model of human operator adaptation to changes in controlled element dynamics. This model proposes that human adaptive behavior is triggered once the magnitudes of the tracking error or error rate exceed certain...journal article 2022