Application of ultra-fine fly ash as cement replacement for sustainable concrete with optimal packing design

In the present study, a proprietary 0.2 tonne/h Dusty Cloud Separation (DCS) technology prototype by Value Ash Technologies NV (Belgium) was used to obtain ultra-fine fly ash as a novel by-product. Two types of Class F fly ash were used: separated fly ash (FA1) with particle size < 9.3 μm and ultra-fine fly ash (FA2) < 4.6 μm as sub-fraction of...