The use of mangroves in coastal protection

Apart from many ecological advantages, mangroves in front of a coastal defence may lower the construction and maintenance costs of the defence. Although mangroves have hardly any reducing effect on water levels (and on tsunami impact) mangroves may significantly reduce wave attack on a coastal dike, and in this way reduce the cost of a revetment...

Safety against inundation: The dutch approach

The most urbanized part of the Netherlands is situated below sea level and is protected by dikes. By act of parliament allowable inundation frequencies for each part of the country are fixed. In case of two dangers (river run-off and storm surge) it is a problem to determine design values for dikes. Guidelines are developed to solve these...