Intrinsic-Strain Engineering by Dislocation Imprint in Bulk Ferroelectrics

We report an intrinsic strain engineering, akin to thin filmlike approaches, via irreversible high-temperature plastic deformation of a tetragonal ferroelectric single-crystal BaTiO3. Dislocations well-aligned along the [001] axis and associated strain fields in plane defined by the [110]/[1¯10] plane are introduced into the volume, thus...