A Variable-Frequency ZVS Modulation for Four-Switch Buck+Boost Converters with Seamless Step-up/down Mode Transition

This paper introduces variable-frequency zero voltage switching (ZVS) modulation strategy for the four-switch buck+boost converter with one operating pattern for the inductor current, i.e., three-segment inductor current modulation control. The proposed modulation scheme guarantees a smooth transition from step-up to step-down or from step-down...

An Improved Peak Voltage Calculation Method for Compensation Components in S-S and LCC-S Compensated Wireless Power Transfer Systems

The pursuit of battery charging technology for electric vehicle (EV) has led to extensive research on the inductive-based wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. In this paper, the compensation component (including coils) stresses will be studied in two commonly adopted compensation topologies, namely S-S and LCC-S compensations. Due to the peak...

Coils’ Current Distortion Due to Variable Series Compensation Capacitance in EV Wireless Charging for a Constant Optimum Load

When considering EV wireless charging that uses inductive power transfer with magnetic resonance, the coils’ current distortion must be minimized to guarantee compliance with the electromagnetic compatibility limits on the radiated magnetic field set by the relevant industrial standards. This paper analyzes the current distortion caused by...

Comparison of Two and Three-Level AC-DC Rectifier Semiconductor Losses with SiC MOSFETs Considering Reverse Conduction

This paper presents the semiconductor losses analytical equations in closed form for two-level voltage source converter, three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) and three-level T-Type PFC topologies in high power applications. The reverse parallel current conduction between the SiC MOSFETs channel and body diode is considered. A circuit...

Study on Soft Start-Up and Shut-Down Methods for Wireless Power Transfer Systems for the Charging of Electric Vehicles

The increase in popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) and the pursuit of user convenience makes wireless power transfer (WPT) an attractive technology for the charging of batteries. The usage of WPT in e-transportation is not straightforward because the current standardization limits the allowed operating frequency range and magnitude of the...

Performance Evaluation of an Electric Vehicle Traction Drive using Si/SiC Hybrid Switches

The parallel connection of a Silicon (Si)-based IGBT and a Silicon Carbide (SiC)-based MOSFET forming a so called hybrid switch (HyS) can be used to exploit the advantageous features of both semiconductor and materials technologies. In this paper, a HyS-based inverter designed for the application of Electric Vehicle (EV) traction is compared to...

Analysis of Dynamic Charging Performances of Optimized Inductive Power Transfer Couplers

This paper aims to investigate the dynamic charging performance of an 11 kW dynamic inductive power transfer (DIPT) system. First, a multi-objective optimization (MOO) method is proposed to find the Pareto front of the DD charging pad. Then, the optimal design with a 96.82% efficiency is selected as the target design for the DIPT system....

Study of Back-end DC/DC Converter for 3.7 kW Wireless Charging System according to SAE J2954

In a wireless charging system, a back-end DC/DC converter can be used after the coil rectification stage to match the battery charging requirements and to optimize the resonant converter operation. In this paper, a synchronous boost converter is selected according to suggested coil parameters from SAE J2954 standards on a WPT1 3.7 kW power class...

Quality factor based design guideline for optimized inductive power transfer

In high-power wireless battery charging that uses inductive power transfer, a considerable amount of power losses are located in the transmitter and receiver coils because they carry high resonant currents and typically have a loose coupling between them which increases eddy current losses. Therefore, the nominal operation needs to be chosen...

Analysis of Magnetic Field Emissions in Inductive Power Transfer EV Chargers Following Reference Designs in SAE J2954/2019

This paper aims to investigate the radiated magnetic field by 11 kW inductive power transfer (IPT) systems used for the charging of electric vehicles. Two reference designs suggested by SAE J2954 are studied. Both designs are analysed to obtain the coils winding currents, and 3D FEM models are built in COMSOL without considering the car chassis,...

Electric Vehicle Charging Based on Inductive Power Transfer Employing Variable Compensation Capacitance for Optimum Load Matching

In inductive power transfer applications, it is possible to ensure high efficiency of the main coils by operating at the optimum load. Since the optimum load depends on the coupling between the main coils, the operation needs to be adapted to match this case at different alignment conditions. This paper proposes a method to keep the optimum load...

Compensation Network for a 7.7 kW Wireless Charging System that Uses Standardized Coils

Industrial wireless charging systems use standardized coils to guarantee interoperability between different manufacturers. In combination with these coils, the compensation network can still be designed and optimized. This paper explains the step-by-step design of the compensation network for a 7.7 kW wireless charging system (power class WPT2),...

Online Laboratory Sessions for the Education of Electrical Machines and Drives

This paper presents a method to implement online laboratory sessions for education in Electrical Engineering on subjects related to electrical machines and drives. The assignments for the laboratory sessions consist of: the preparation homework, where students have to study relevant theories; the development of circuit simulations; and the...

Detection of Metallic Foreign Objects and Electric Vehicles Using Auxiliary Coil Sets for Dynamic Inductive Power Transfer Systems

This paper proposes a new method of electric vehicles detection (EVD) and foreign objects detection (FOD) for dynamic inductive power transfer (DIPT) systems. The proposed detection method applies both passive coil sets (PCSs) and active coil sets (ACSs) to achieve both EVD and FOD with a high detection sensitivity. The operation mechanisms...

Comparative Study of Foreign Object and Misalignment in Inductive Power Transfer Systems

This paper aims to identify the difference between foreign object (FO) and misalignment in terms of their influence on inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. This is performed through magnetic and equivalent circuit analysis of the mutual inductance, primary input impedance, charging pad terminal impedance and current harmonics. Experiment...

Survey on Standards and Regulations for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles

In the next decades, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) for private use is predicted to increase considerably. Charging the EVs through wireless power transfer (WPT), i.e. wireless charging, has the potential to shorten charging duration of EVs batteries through dynamic charging and it would also improve the safety of static charging in case...