Insights and Challenges for Applying Bipolar Membranes in Advanced Electrochemical Energy Systems

Bipolar membranes (BPMs) are gaining interest in energy conversion technologies. These membranes are composed of cation- and anion-exchange layers, with an interfacial layer in between. This gives the freedom to operate in different conditions (pH, concentration, composition) at both sides. Such membranes are used in two operational modes,...

Pathways to Industrial-Scale Fuel Out of Thin Air from CO₂ Electrolysis

Using renewable energy as an input, Power-to-X technologies have the potential to replace fossil fuels and chemicals with dense-energy carriers that are instead derived out of thin air. In this work, we put into context what the industrial-scale production of chemicals from ambient CO₂ using CO₂ electrolysis means in...