Velocity analysis using surface-seismic primaries-only data obtained without removing multiples

A number of seismic processing methods, including velocity analysis (Sheriff and Geldart, 1999), make the assumption that recorded waves are primaries - that they have scattered only once (the Born approximation). Multiples then represent a source of coherent noise and must be suppressed to avoid artefacts. There are different approaches to...

Marchenko wavefield redatuming, imaging conditions, and the effect of model errors

Recently, a novel method to redatum the wavefield in the sub-surface from a reflection response measured at the surface has gained interest for imaging primaries in the presence of strong internal multiples. A prerequisite for the algorithm is an accurate and correct estimate of the direct-wave Green's function. However, usually we use an...