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Ali, A. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Breedveld, P. (author)To overcome the challenges presented by complex 3-dimensional shapes and tortuous vasculature in the cardiovascular environment, we previously developed a prototype of a multi-steerable catheter having 4 DOFs controlled by two joysticks [1]. However, it remains unknown whether the added steering possibilities are beneficial in the cardiovascular...abstract 2017
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Dodou, D. (author)This article highlights four common pitfalls in the use of statistics in the area of traffic psychology. Through computer simulations of scenarios that are typical in the field, it is first shown that a statistically significant P-value does not prove that the effect is true, especially when the effect is surprising and the P-value barely...book chapter 2021
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Bijker, Laurens (author), Dielissen, Tim (author), French, Shin (author), Mooijman, Tom (author), Peters, Luka (author), Happee, R. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)This study is the third iteration in a series of studies aimed to develop a system that allows driving blindfolded. We used a sonification approach, where the predicted angular error of the car 2 seconds into the future was translated into spatialized beeping sounds. In a driving simulator experiment, we tested with 20 participants whether a...conference paper 2019
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Kooijman, L. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Driving simulators are regarded as valuable tools for human factors research on automated driving and traffic safety. However, simulators that enable the study of human-human interactions are rare. In this study, we present an open-source coupled simulator developed in Unity. The simulator supports input from head-mounted displays, motion suits,...conference paper 2020
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Heisterkamp, Niels (author), Luik, Philine (author), Klevering, Stijn (author), Haddou, Assia (author), Zult, Michiel (author), Dialynas, G. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)A common limitation in human factors research is that vehicle simulators often lack perceptual fidelity. Video games, on the other hand, are becoming increasingly realistic and may be a promising tool for simulator-based human factors research. In this work, we explored whether an off-the-shelf video game is suitable for research purposes. We...conference paper 2018
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Future automated vehicles may be equipped with external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) capable of signaling to pedestrians whether or not they can cross the road. There is currently no consensus on the correct colors for eHMIs. Industry and academia have already proposed a variety of eHMI colors, including red and green, as well as colors...conference paper 2020
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Kooijman, L. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Mallant, K.P.T. (author), Roosens, V.E.R. (author), Middelweerd, M.D.L.M. (author), Overbeek, L.D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Past research suggests that displays on the exterior of the car, known as eHMIs, can be effective in helping pedestrians to make safe crossing decisions. This study examines a new application of eHMIs, namely the provision of directional information in scenarios where the pedestrian is almost hit by a car. In an experiment using a head-mounted...conference paper 2022
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)In a crowdsourced experiment, the effects of distance and type of the approaching vehicle, traffic density, and visual clutter on pedestrians’ attention distribution were explored. 966 participants viewed 107 images of diverse traffic scenes for durations between 100 and 4000 ms. Participants’ eye-gaze data were collected using the TurkEyes...conference paper 2021
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Onkhar, V. (author), Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Stapel, J.C.J. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Gavrila, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Non-verbal communication, such as eye contact between drivers and pedestrians, has been regarded as one way to reduce accident risk. So far, studies have assumed rather than objectively measured the occurrence of eye contact. We address this research gap by developing an eye contact detection method and testing it in an indoor experiment with...journal article 2021
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Zadpoor, A.A. (author), Dodou, D. (author)Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar (GS) are prominent citation services with distinct indexing mechanisms. Comprehensive knowledge about the growth patterns of these two citation services is lacking. We analyzed the development of citation counts in WoS and GS for two classic articles and 56 articles from diverse research fields, making a...journal article 2014
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Driessen, T. (author), Picco, Angèle (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Waard, Dick (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Vehicles are increasingly equipped with sensors that capture the state of the driver, the vehicle, and the environment. These developments are relevant to formal driver testing, but little is known about the extent to which driving examiners would support the use of sensor data in their job. This semi-structured interview study examined the...journal article 2021
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Hancock, PA (author)The science of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E) often relies on self-report. This is a cause for concern because subjective methods are inherently susceptible to bias. Here, we present, examine and discuss a puzzling association between age and self-reported cognitive failures as assessed with Broadbent's Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ...journal article 2015
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Kooijman, L. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)External human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) may be useful for communicating the intention of an automated vehicle (AV) to a pedestrian, but it is unclear which eHMI design is most effective. In a crowdsourced experiment, we examined the effects of (1) colour (red, green, cyan), (2) position (roof, bumper, windshield), (3) message (WALK, DON'T...journal article 2021
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Koelmans, T.A. (author), Kokshoorn, M.H.J.L. (author), van der Valk, K.P. (author), Vos, Willem (author), Dodou, D. (author), Eisma, Y.B. (author)Chunking theory and previous eye-tracking studies suggest that expert chess players use peripheral vision to judge chess positions and determine the best moves to play. However, the role of peripheral vision in chess has largely been inferred rather than tested through controlled experimentation. In this study, we used a gaze-contingent paradigm...journal article 2023
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Driessen, T. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Waard, Dick de (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Trucks are disproportionately involved in fatal traffic accidents and contribute significantly to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Gathering data from trucks presents a unique opportunity for estimating driver-specific costs associated with truck operation. Although research has been published on the predictive validity of driver data, such as in...journal article 2023
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Kooijman, L. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Jansen, S. T. (author), Themans, T. S. (author), Russell, J. N.M. (author), Petermeijer, S.M. (author), Doorman, J. R.C. (author), Hablé, J. H. (author), Neubert, D. S. (author), Vos, M. J.C. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Much psychological research uses pupil diameter measurements to investigate the cognitive and emotional effects of visual stimuli. A potential problem is that accommodating at a nearby point causes the pupil to constrict. This study examined to what extent accommodation is a confounder in pupillometry research. Participants solved...journal article 2021
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Aleva, T.K. (author), Tabone, W. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Introduction: Communication from automated vehicles (AVs) to pedestrians using augmented reality (AR) could positively contribute to traffic safety. However, previous AR research for pedestrians was mainly conducted through online questionnaires or experiments in virtual environments instead of real ones.<br/><br/>Methods: In this study, 28...journal article 2024
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Oudshoorn, Max (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Dodou, D. (author)Various external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) have been proposed that communicate the intent of automated vehicles (AVs) to vulnerable road users. However, there is no consensus on which eHMI concept is most suitable for intent communication. In nature, animals have evolved the ability to communicate intent via visual signals. Inspired by...journal article 2021
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Eisma, Y.B. (author), Reiff, A. (author), Kooijman, L. (author), Dodou, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Future automated vehicles may be equipped with external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs). Currently, little is known about the effect of the perspective of the eHMI message on crossing decisions of pedestrians. We performed an experiment to examine the effects of images depicting eHMI messages of different perspectives (egocentric from the...journal article 2021
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Stienen, A.H.A. (author)ChatGPT is widely used among students, a situation that challenges educators. The current paper presents two strategies that do not push educators into a defensive role but can empower them. Firstly, we show, based on statistical analysis, that ChatGPT use can be recognized from certain keywords such as ‘delves’ and ‘crucial’. This insight...journal article 2023