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van Leeuwen, J.K. (author), Landman, H.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), Mumaw, Randall J. (author), Stroosma, O. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Previous research indicated a need to improve pilot training with regard to understanding of autopilot logic and behavior, especially in non-routine situations. Therefore, we tested the effect of problem-based exploratory training on pilots’ understanding of autopilot functions. Using a moving-base flight simulator, general aviation pilots (n...journal article 2024
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)In the design of human-like steering support systems, driver models are essential for matching the supporting automation's behavior to that of the human driver. However, current driver models are very limited in capturing the driver's adaptation to key task variables such as road width and visibility (i.e., 'preview' of the road ahead). This...journal article 2023
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de Rooij, G. (author), van Baelen, D. (author), Borst, C. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Haptic cues on the side stick are a promising method to reduce loss of control in-flight incidents. They can be intuitively interpreted and provide immediate support, leading to a shared control system. However, haptic interfaces are limited in providing information, and the reason for cues may not always be clear to pilots. This study presents...journal article 2023
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Masuda, Ryosuke (author), Hashimoto, Y. (author), Mulder, Max (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Kano, Manabu (author)Accurate process control through automation is the key to achieving efficient and stable operation of a blast furnace. In this study, we developed an automatic control system of hot metal temperature (HMT). To cope with the slow and complex process dynamics of the blast furnace, we constructed a control algorithm that predicts eight-hour...journal article 2023
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IJtsma, Martijn (author), Borst, C. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Air traffic controller workload is a limiting factor in the current air traffic management system. Adaptive support systems have the potential to balance controller workload and gain acceptance as they provide support during times of need. Challenges in the design of adaptive support systems are to decide when and how to trigger support. The...journal article 2022
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Mulder, Max (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Mathematical human control models are widely used in tuning manual control systems and understanding human performance. Human behavior is commonly described using linear time-invariant models, averaging-out all non-linear and time-varying effects, which are gathered into the remnant. These models are limited in their capability to capture...journal article 2022
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Mulder, Max (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van der El, Kasper (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)Cyberneticists develop mathematical human control models which are used to tune manual control systems and understand human performance limits. Neuroscientists explore the physiology and circuitry of the central nervous system to understand how the brain works. Both research human visuomotor control tasks, such as the pursuit tracking task....journal article 2022
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Hashimoto, Y. (author), Masuda, Ryosuke (author), Mulder, Max (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author)To achieve the automation of blast furnace operation, an automatic control system for hot metal temperature (HMT) was developed. Nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) which predicts up to ten-hour-ahead HMT and calculates appropriate control actions of pulverized coal rate (PCR) was constructed. Simulation validation showed that the NMPC...journal article 2022
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Wijlens, R. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author), Takamatsu, Atsushi (author), Makita, Mitsuhiro (author), Wada, Takahiro (author)Without intervention the widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles could be compromised by an increased incidence of motion sickness compared to conventional cars. To investigate whether passengers' motion sickness can be reduced by manipulating an autonomous vehicle's accelerations on a fixed route without altering the travel time, a human...journal article 2022
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van Baelen, D. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Ellerbroek, Joost (author), Abbink, D.A. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Modern aircraft can be equipped with a flight envelope protection system: automation which modifies pilot control inputs to ensure that the aircraft remains within the allowable limits. Overruling the pilot inputs may lead to mode confusion, even when visual or auditory feedback is provided to alert pilots. We advocate using active control...journal article 2021
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Miletović, I. (author), Pavel, M.D. (author), Pool, D.M. (author), Stroosma, O. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author), Wentink, Mark (author)Eigenmode distortion is a novel quantitative methodology developed to objectively evaluate motion cueing fidelity in flight simulation. It relies on an explicit coupling of linearized vehicle and Motion Cueing Algorithm dynamics. Modal analysis subsequently performed on this coupled system reveals the degree of distortion imposed by the Motion...journal article 2021
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Fu, W. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Limitations of a haptic device can cause distortions of the force feedback it presents. Just-noticeable difference (JND) in system dynamics is important for creating transparent haptic interaction. Based on the previous work, this article presents a unified model that extends the existing JND rule. Our approach projects the JNDs in the...journal article 2020
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van der El, Kasper (author), Pool, D.M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)The 1960s crossover model is widely applied to quantitatively predict a human controller's (HC's) manual control behavior. Unfortunately, the theory captures only compensatory tracking behavior and, as such, a limited range of real-world manual control tasks. This article finalizes recent advances in manual control theory toward more general...journal article 2020
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Landman, H.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert W. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Previous studies show that pilots sometimes make roll reversal errors (RREs) when responding to the aircraft bank angle shown on the attitude indicator (AI). This is suggestive of a perceptual ambiguity in the AI. In the current study, we investigated whether expectation contributes to such misperception. Twenty nonpilots performed tasks in a...journal article 2020
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Scholten, Pepijn A. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Chu, Q. P. (author), Mulder, Max (author)A variable stability in-flight simulator has the capabilities to change the response of an aircraft in-flight, often without changing the physical properties of the aircraft. The ability to adjust the aircraft response characteristics and handling qualities has various purposes, such as pilot training, control system development, and handling...journal article 2020
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van den Hoed, Annemarie (author), Landman, H.M. (author), van Baelen, D. (author), Stroosma, O. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Objective: We tested whether a procedure in a hexapod simulator can cause incorrect assumptions of the bank angle (i.e., the “leans”) in airline pilots as well as incorrect interpretations of the attitude indicator (AI). Background: The effect of the leans on interpretation errors has previously been demonstrated in nonpilots. In-flight,...journal article 2020
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van Baelen, D. (author), Ellerbroek, Joost (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Several modern aircraft use a passive control manipulator: a spring–damper system that generates command signals to the flight control computers in combination with a flight envelope protection system that limits pilot inputs when approaching the aircraft limits. This research project aims to increase pilot awareness of this protection system...journal article 2020
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Landman, H.M. (author), van Middelaar, Sophie H. (author), Groen, Eric L. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Bronkhorst, Adelbert W. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Background: Mnemonic-type startle and surprise procedures were previously proposed to help pilots cope with startle and surprise in-flight, but effects on performance after procedure execution have not yet been investigated. Objective: Thus, we tested the effectiveness a new mnemonic-type procedure in a moving-base simulator with a non-linear...journal article 2020
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Borst, C. (author), Visser, Roeland M. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)In many work domains, the push toward higher levels of automation raises the concern of diminishing human expertise. Ecological interfaces could help operators in retaining and potentially even in acquiring expertise as they are hypothesized to lead to a deeper understanding of the work domain. This study explores the short-term impact of...journal article 2019
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Reitsma, J.P. (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Mulder, Max (author)Designing interfaces for effective decision-making supports for complex, dynamic systems is a challenging task. Besides the already challenging task of determining the visual form, the task of defining the content of these supports can be even more demanding. Especially for an unstable and complex work domain with multiple stakeholders and...journal article 2019