Wave transmission and drag coefficients through dense cylinder arrays: Implications for designing structures for mangrove restoration

Mangrove vegetation constitutes a natural coastal defence against waves and erosion. Despite their protective role, mangrove ecosystems have experienced continuous degradation over the last decades due to human causes. At retreating mangrove coastlines, bamboo structures are built to create new habitat for mangrove colonization. Existing...

The Effect of Small Density Differences at River Confluences

Remarkable 3D flow structures occur at river confluences with small density differences due to differences in sediment concentration or temperature. We explain these by comparing numerical simulations for an idealized confluence with aerial photographs of several river confluences where color differences express the pattern of density...

The effect of small density differences at large confluences

Confluences are fascinating elements in river systems. The merging of tributary rivers produces complex hydrodynamics that can play an important role in sediment transport problems, ecological studies or the routing of a pollutant. If the two merging rivers originate from different regions they can have different characteristics. One such a...