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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Stanton, Neville (author), Eisma, Y.B. (author)
The last decade has seen a surge of driving simulator research on automation-to-manual take-overs. In this commentary, we argue that most research within the take-over paradigm bears little resemblance to real automated driving. Furthermore, we claim that results within this paradigm could already be known based on published research from the...
journal article 2021
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Tabone, W. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Ackermann, Claudia (author), Bärgman, Jonas (author), Baumann, Martin (author), Deb, Shuchisnigdha (author), Emmenegger, Colleen (author), Habibovic, Azra (author), Hagenzieker, Marjan (author), Hancock, P. A. (author), Happee, R. (author), Krems, Josef (author), Lee, John D. (author), Martens, Marieke (author), Merat, Natasha (author), Norman, Don (author), Sheridan, Thomas B. (author), Stanton, Neville A. (author)
Automated driving research over the past decades has mostly focused on highway environments. Recent technological developments have drawn researchers and manufacturers to look ahead at introducing automated driving in cities. The current position paper examines this challenge from the viewpoint of scientific experts. Sixteen Human Factors...
journal article 2021
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Schmid, D. (author), Stanton, N.A. (author)
Single Pilot Operations (SPO) represent a viable concept for commercial aviation in near future. It will require different training regimes to contemporary airliners’ pilots because the single-pilot’s and remote operator’s (including the dispatcher’s) responsibilities and accompanying procedures will change, both in air and on ground. This...
conference paper 2019
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Eriksson, Alexander (author), Petermeijer, S.M. (author), Zimmermann, Markus (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Bengler, Klaus J. (author), Stanton, Neville A. (author)
This paper assessed four types of human–machine interfaces (HMIs), classified according to the stages of automation proposed by Parasuraman et al. [“A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation,” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man, Cybern. A, Syst. Humans, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 286–297, May 2000]. We hypothesized that drivers would...
journal article 2019
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Eisma, Y.B. (author), Cabrall, C.D.D. (author), Hancock, P. A. (author), Stanton, N. A. (author)
The topic of situation awareness has received continuing interest over the last decades. Freeze-probe methods, such as the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), are commonly employed for measuring situation awareness. The aim of this paper was to review validity issues of the SAGAT and examine whether eye movements are a...
journal article 2019
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Heikoop, D.D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Stanton, Neville A. (author)
Automated driving systems are increasingly prevalent on public roads, but there is currently little knowledge on the level of workload and stress of drivers operating an automated vehicle in a real environment. The present study aimed to measure driver workload and stress during partially automated driving in real traffic. We recorded heart...
journal article 2019
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Heikoop, D.D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Stanton, Neville A. (author)
Previous research shows that drivers of automated vehicles are likely to engage in visually demanding tasks, causing impaired situation awareness. How mental task demands affect situation awareness is less clear. In a driving simulator experiment, 33 participants completed three 40-min runs in an automated platoon, each run with a different...
journal article 2018
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Eriksson, A. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Stanton, Neville A. (author)
Driving simulators have been used since the beginning of the 1930s to assist researchers in assessing driver behaviour without putting the driver in harm’s way. The current manuscript describes the implementation of a toolbox for automated driving research on the widely used STISIM platform. The toolbox presented in this manuscript allows...
journal article 2018
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Heikoop, D.D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Stanton, N.A. (author)
Platooning, whereby automated vehicles travel closely together in a group, is attractive in terms of safety and efficiency. However, concerns exist about the psychological state of the platooning driver, who is exempted from direct control, yet remains responsible for monitoring the outside environment to detect potential threats. By means of a...
journal article 2017
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Kyriakidis, M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Stanton, N. (author), Bellet, T. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Brookhuis, K.A. (author), Martens, M.H. (author), Bengler, K. (author), Andersson, J. (author), Merat, N. (author), Reed, N. (author), Flament, M. (author), Hagenzieker, Marjan (author), Happee, R. (author)
Automated driving can fundamentally change road transportation and improve quality of life. However, at present, the role of humans in automated vehicles (AVs) is not clearly established. Interviews were conducted in April and May 2015 with 12 expert researchers in the field of human factors (HFs) of automated driving to identify...
journal article 2017
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Heikoop, D.D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Stanton, NA (author)
journal article 2016
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Stanton, NA (author), Price, J.S. (author), Mistry, H. (author)
Until automated cars function perfectly, drivers will have to take over control when automation fails or reaches its functional limits. Two simulator experiments (N = 24 and 27) were conducted, each testing four automation levels ranging from manual control (MC) to highly automated driving. In both experiments, participants about once every 3...
journal article 2016
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Heikoop, D.D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Stanton, Neville A. (author)
Automatically driving platoons of vehicles are a likely candidate for solving many existing issues of road safety and congestion. However, the psychological effects of such technology are yet to be understood. Therefore, by means of a driving simulator experiment, we aimed to assess the psychological effects of driving in a highly automated...
abstract 2016
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Stanton, NA (author)
This article synthesises the latest information on the relationship between the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) and accidents. We show by means of computer simulation that correlations with accidents are necessarily small because accidents are rare events. An updated meta-analysis on the zero-order correlations between the DBQ and self...
journal article 2015
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de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author), Martens, M.H. (author), Stanton, N.A. (author)
Adaptive cruise control (ACC), a driver assistance system that controls longitudinal motion, has been introduced in consumer cars in 1995. A next milestone is highly automated driving (HAD), a system that automates both longitudinal and lateral motion. We investigated the effects of ACC and HAD on drivers’ workload and situation awareness...
journal article 2014
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Lockton, D. (author), Harrison, D. (author), Stanton, N.A. (author)
Influencing more environmentally friendly and sustainable behaviour is a current focus of many projects, ranging from government social marketing campaigns, education and tax structures to designers’ work on interactive products, services and environments. There is a wide variety of techniques and methods used—we have identified over 100 design...
conference paper 2010
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Reniers, A.J.H.M. (author), MacMahan, J.H. (author), Thornton, E.B. (author), Stanton, T.P. (author), Henriquez, M. (author), Brown, J.W. (author), Brown, J.A. (author), Gallagher, E. (author)
The retention of floating matter within the surf zone on a rip-channeled beach is examined with a combination of detailed field observations obtained during the Rip Current Experiment and a three-dimensional (3-D) wave and flow model. The acoustic Doppler current profiler–observed hourly vertical cross-shore velocity structure variability over a...
journal article 2009
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Henriquez, M. (author), Reniers, A.J.H.M. (author), Ruessink, B.G. (author), Stive, M.J.F. (author), Stanton, T.P. (author), Foster, D.L. (author)
Scale relations are necessary to choose proper sediment for physical models. The use of lightweight artificial sediment makes it possible to preserve the Reynolds number, Shields number and relative settling velocity altogether. There is also the possibility to preserve the Shields number in combination with the Dean number which would be more...
conference paper 2009
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Reniers, A.J.H.M. (author), MacMahan, J.H. (author), Thornton, E.B. (author), Stanton, T.P. (author)
Numerical computations are used to explain the presence of very low frequency motions (VLFs), with frequencies less than 0.004 Hz, in the rip current velocity signals observed during the Rip-current field Experiment (RIPEX) field experiment. Observations show that the VLF motions are most intense within the surfzone and then quickly taper off in...
journal article 2007
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Catlett, L. (author), Stanton, R. (author), Yildiz, O. (author)
The fourth in a four-volume study to assist the Netherlands government in a policy analysis of alternative control strategies for operating the storm-surge barrier across the Oosterschelde basin. This volume describes the simulation model of the storm-surge barrier and basin used to estimate the variation with time of different water levels...
report 1979
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