Recent advances and perspectives in GNSS PPP-RTK

Precise point positioning-real-time kinematic (PPP-RTK), otherwise known as integer ambiguity resolution-enabled precise pointing positioning, has attracted much attention in recent years and has become state-of-the-art in the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) high-precision positioning community. This work reviews several PPP-RTK...

Fast and reliable multi-GNSS precise point positioning with integer ambiguity resolution

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) modelling and processing method that provides single-receiver users with high positioning accuracy anywhere on the globe, without the explicit dependence on reference receivers. The realization of PPP is based on undifferenced code and phase measurements, a priori...

Precision analysis of partial ambiguity resolution-enabled PPP using multi-GNSS and multi-frequency signals

A single-receiver integer ambiguity resolution-enabled precise point positioning (PPP-RTK) user experiences a long convergence time when the rather weak single-constellation dual-frequency ionosphere-float model is used. Nowadays, the rapid development of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provides a multitude of available satellites...

Assessing the performance of multi-GNSS PPP-RTK in the local area

The benefits of an increased number of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in space have been confirmed for the robustness and convergence time of standard precise point positioning (PPP) solutions, as well as improved accuracy when (most of) the ambiguities are fixed. Yet, it is still worthwhile to investigate fast and high-precision...

Assessment of ionospheric corrections for PPP-RTK using regional ionosphere modelling

This paper presents an analysis of the ionospheric corrections required to get a significant improvement in PPP-RTK performance. The main aim was to determine the improvement in the position precision and Time-To-First-Fix in the PPP-RTK user side using ionospheric corrections computed from a network. The study consists of two main steps. The...

A 4D tomographic ionospheric model to support PPP-RTK

Successful implementation of integer ambiguity resolution enabled precise point positioning (aka PPP-RTK) algorithms is inextricably linked to the ability of a user to perform near real-time positioning by quickly and reliably resolving the integer carrier-phase ambiguities. In the PPP-RTK technique, a major barrier to successful ambiguity...

MSE-impact of PPP-RTK ZTD estimation strategies

In PPP-RTK network processing, the wet component of the zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) cannot be precisely modelled and thus remains unknown in the observation equations. For small networks, the tropospheric mapping functions of different stations to a given satellite are almost equal to each other, thereby causing a near rank-deficiency...

Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK: Mixed-receiver network and user scenarios

In this contribution, we present full-rank observation equations of the network and user receivers, of mixed types, through an application of S-system theory. We discuss the important roles played by the inter system biases (ISBs), and we show how the three-component structure of PPP-RTK is affected by the inclusion of the ISBs as extra...

A novel un-differenced PPP-RTK concept

In this contribution, a novel un-differenced (UD) (PPP-RTK) concept, i.e. a synthesis of Precise Point Positioning and Network-based Real-Time Kinematic concept, is introduced. In the first step of our PPP-RTK approach, the UD GNSS observations from a regional reference network are processed based upon re-parameterised observation equations,...