Scour around pipelines, piles and sea walls

Review of knowledge regarding scour near pipelines and other offshore structures.

Scour of flat sand beaches due to wave action in front of sea walls

The erosion of sand beaches due to oscillatory water particle motion of non-breaking waves can be of importance, particularly where such a beach is fronted by a sea wall supported on spread foundation. Laboratory study was conducted with natural beach sand; waves were generated mechanically. Geometric variables included the inclination of sea...