Extracting small time-lapse traveltime changes in a reservoir using primaries and internal multiples after Marchenko-based target zone isolation

Geophysical monitoring of subsurface reservoirs relies on detecting small changes in the seismic response between a baseline and monitor study. However, internal multiples, related to the over- and underburden, can obstruct the view of the target response, hence complicating the time-lapse analysis. To retrieve a response that is free from...

Marchenko redatuming, imaging and multiple elimination, and their mutual relations

With the Marchenko method it is possible to retrieve Green's functions between virtual sources in the subsurface and receivers at the surface from reflection data at the surface and focusing functions. A macro model of the subsurface is needed to estimate the first arrival; the internal multiples are retrieved entirely from the reflection data....

Virtual acoustics in inhomogeneous media with single-sided access

A virtual acoustic source inside a medium can be created by emitting a time-reversed point-source response from the enclosing boundary into the medium. However, in many practical situations the medium can be accessed from one side only. In those cases the time-reversal approach is not exact. Here, we demonstrate the experimental design and...

A single-sided representation for the homogeneous Green's function, accounting for all multiples

Marchenko imaging is a novel imaging technique that is capable to retrieve images from single-sided reflection measurements free of artefacts related to internal multiples (e.g. Behura et al., 2014; Broggini et al., 2012). An essential ingredient of Marchenko imaging is the so-called focusing function which can<br/>be retrieved from reflection...

Implementation of the marchenko method

The Marchenko method makes it possible to compute subsurface-to-surface Green's functions from reflection measurements at the surface. Applications of the Marchenko method have already been discussed in many papers, but its implementation aspects have not yet been discussed in detail. Solving the Marchenko equation is an inverse problem. The...

Accounting for free-surface multiples in Marchenko imaging

Imagine placing a receiver at any location in the earth and recording the response at that location to sources on the surface. In such a world, we could place receivers around our reservoir to better image the reservoir and understand its properties. Realistically, this is not a feasible approach for understanding the subsurface. We have...

A single-sided homogeneous Green's function representation for holographic imaging, inverse scattering, time-reversal acoustics and interferometric Green's function retrieval

Green's theorem plays a fundamental role in a diverse range of wavefield imaging applications, such as holographic imaging, inverse scattering, time-reversal acoustics and interferometric Green's function retrieval. In many of those applications, the homogeneous Green's function (i.e. the Green's function of the wave equation without a...

From closed-boundary to single-sided homogeneous Green's function representations

The homogeneous Green’s function (i.e., the Green’s function and its time-reversed counterpart) plays an important role in optical, acoustic and seismic holography, in inverse scattering methods, in the field of time-reversal acoustics, in reversetime migration and in seismic interferometry. Starting with the classical closed-boundary...

Imaging the earth's interior with virtual sources and receivers