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Searching for Reconnection: Environmental Challenges and Course Changes in Spatial Development Along Shanghai’s Shipping Channels

den Hartog, Harry (author)

Waterways played a crucial role in the emergence of Shanghai as a cosmopolitan city and world port. Over the years the spatial and functional relationships between the city and ports and hinterland have been changing continuously. In Shanghai, like other port cities, almost all ports and related industries are placed out beyond the urban fringes...

journal article 2023

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Economic optimization of coastal flood defence systems including storm surge barrier closure reliability

Mooyaart, L.F. (author), Bakker, A.M.R. (author), van den Bogaard, Johan A. (author), Rijcken, T. (author), Jonkman, Sebastiaan N. (author)

Storm surge barriers are large movable hydraulic structures which close during a storm surge to prevent coastal floods. In the regions they protect, a failure to close the barrier is often the most likely cause for a catastrophic flood. Nevertheless, flood risk assessments usually only focus on raising flood defences behind the barrier....

journal article 2023

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Storylines of the impacts in the Netherlands of alternative realizations of the Western Europe July 2021 floods

de Bruijn, K.M. (author), van den Hurk, B. (author), Slager, K. (author), Rongen, G.W.F. (author), Hegnauer, M. (author), van Heeringen, K.J. (author)

The 2021 summer flooding was an extremely rare event, driven by precipitation extremes that exceed Dutch design levels for flood protection of relatively small rivers and waterways. However, similar events in neighboring locations cannot be ruled out in the near future. The implications of such extreme rainfall amounts will vary by region,...

journal article 2023

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Assessment of ductile dike behavior as a novel flood risk reduction measure

den Heijer, F. (author), Kok, M. (author)

Dikes are an effective flood risk reduction measure in deltaic areas. Present risk analyses consist often of decoupled calculations of probabilities of dike failure and calculation of consequences of flooding given dike failure. However, the flood defense design determines not only the probability of failure, but influences the consequences...

journal article 2022

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Stability of a Tidal Marsh Under Very High Flow Velocities and Implications for Nature-Based Flood Defense

Schoutens, Ken (author), Stoorvogel, Marte (author), van den Berg, M. (author), van den Hoven, Kim (author), Bouma, Tjeerd J. (author), Aarninkhof, S.G.J. (author), Herman, P.M.J. (author), van Loon-Steensma, Jantsje M. (author), Meire, Patrick (author)

Nature-based strategies, such as wave attenuation by tidal marshes, are increasingly proposed as a complement to mitigate the risks of failure of engineered flood defense structures such as levees. However, recent analysis of historic coastal storms revealed smaller dike breach dimensions if there were natural, high tidal marshes in front of...

journal article 2022

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A Flood Risk Framework Capturing the Seasonality of and Dependence Between Rainfall and Sea Levels—An Application to Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Couasnon, A.A.O. (author), Scussolini, P. (author), Tran, T. V.T. (author), Eilander, D. (author), Dullaart, J. (author), Xuan, Y. (author), Nguyen, H. Q. (author), Winsemius, H.C. (author), Ward, P. J. (author)

State-of-the-art flood hazard maps in coastal cities are often obtained from simulating coastal or pluvial events separately. This method does not account for the seasonality of flood drivers and their mutual dependence. In this article, we include the impact of these two factors in a computationally efficient probabilistic framework for...

journal article 2022

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Adaptive capacity of the Pearl River Delta cities in the face of the growing flood risk: Institutions, ideas and interests

Dabrowski, M.M. (author), Stead, D. (author), He, J. (author), Yu, Feng (author)

Although the cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China are amongst the world’s cities most exposed to flooding due to climate change, surprisingly little is done to address this problem. This article explores the barriers to the emergence of policies adapting to the growing flood risk in two PRD cities, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, underlining...

journal article 2021

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Urban River Water Level Increase Through Plastic Waste Accumulation at a Rack Structure

Honingh, D.F. (author), van Emmerik, Tim (author), Uijttewaal, W.S.J. (author), Kardhana, Hadi (author), Hoes, O.A.C. (author), van de Giesen, N.C. (author)

Plastic debris in water systems is a major challenge for our ecosystem, because it is extremely persistent in the environment. Apart from the importance of reducing the amount of plastic entering the ocean, clearing the rivers from debris is important for societal concerns, such as flood risks. Plastic waste accumulation at trash racks leads...

journal article 2020

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Flood Risks in Sinking Delta Cities: Time for a Reevaluation?

Yin, Jie (author), Jonkman, Sebastiaan N. (author), Lin, Ning (author), Yu, Dapeng (author), Aerts, Jeroen (author), Wilby, Robert (author), Pan, Ming (author), Bricker, J.D. (author), Ke, Q. (author)

Sea level rise (SLR) and subsidence are expected to increase the risk of flooding and reliance on flood defenses for cities built on deltas. Here, we combine reliability analysis with hydrodynamic modeling to quantify the effect of projected relative SLR on dike failures and flood hazards for Shanghai, one of the most exposed delta cities. We...

journal article 2020

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Defend or raise? Optimising flood risk reduction strategies

Lendering, K.T. (author), Jonkman, Sebastiaan N. (author), van Ledden, Mathijs (author), Vrijling, J.K. (author)

Flood risk reduction can be provided by interventions such as raising land or constructing flood defences. This paper introduces an approach to optimise the selection of risk reduction strategies. It expands existing economic optimization approaches for flood defences, by introducing (largely) analytical formulations to include the effects of...

journal article 2020

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Towards an International Levee Performance Database (ILPD) and Its Use for Macro-Scale Analysis of Levee Breaches and Failures

Özer, I.E. (author), van Damme, M. (author), Jonkman, Sebastiaan N. (author)

Understanding levee failures can be significantly improved by analysing historical failures, experiments and performance observations. Individual efforts have been undertaken to document flood defence failures but no systematically gathered large scale, open access dataset is currently available for thorough scientific research. Here, we...

journal article 2019

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Accounting for the uncertain effects of hydraulic interactions in optimising embankments heights: Proof of principle for the IJssel River

Ciullo, A. (author), de Bruijn, Karin M. (author), Kwakkel, J.H. (author), Klijn, F. (author)

Most alluvial plains in the world are protected by flood defences, for example, embankments, whose primary aim is to reduce the probability of flooding of the protected areas. At the same time, however, the presence of embankments at one area influences hydraulic conditions of downstream areas located on the same river. These hydraulic...

journal article 2019

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Interdisciplinary Design of Vital Infrastructure to Reduce Flood Risk in Tokyo’s Edogawa Ward

Krishnan, S. (author), Lin, Jiabiao (author), Simanjuntak, Johannes (author), Hooimeijer, F.L. (author), Bricker, J.D. (author), Daniël, Maäyan (author), Yoshida, Y. (author)

Engineering for flood resilience of dense coastal regions often neglects the resultant impact on urban design quality. Vital subsurface infrastructure such as hydraulic systems, water networks, civil construction, transport, energy supply and soil systems are especially important in shaping the urban environment and integrating resilience....

journal article 2019

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A Copula-Based Bayesian Network for Modeling Compound Flood Hazard from Riverine and Coastal Interactions at the Catchment Scale: An Application to the Houston Ship Channel, Texas

Couasnon, A.A.O. (author), Sebastian, Antonia (author), Morales Napoles, O. (author)

Traditional flood hazard analyses often rely on univariate probability distributions; however, in many coastal catchments, flooding is the result of complex hydrodynamic interactions between multiple drivers. For example, synoptic meteorological conditions can produce considerable rainfall-runoff, while also generating wind-driven elevated sea...

journal article 2018

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Frequency Analysis of Storm-Surge-Induced Flooding for the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China

Ke, Q. (author), Jonkman, Sebastiaan N. (author), van Gelder, P.H.A.J.M. (author), Bricker, J.D. (author)

Shanghai, as a coastal city, is vulnerable to various types of flooding. The floodwalls along the Huangpu River provide protection against typhoon-induced flooding. However, there is limited insight into the actual safety level of the flood defences in Shanghai, and recent failures have highlighted their vulnerability. Therefore, the aims of...

journal article 2018

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Room for Rivers: Risk Reduction by Enhancing the Flood Conveyance Capacity of The Netherlands’ Large Rivers

Klijn, F. (author), Asselman, Nathalie (author), Wagenaar, Dennis (author)

The Netherlands has just finished implementing the Room for the Rivers program along the Rhine and Meuse Rivers in response to increasing river discharges. Recently, making more room for the river is, however, being challenged for future application because the flood defenses are assessed to be too weak and will need reinforcement anyway. To be...

journal article 2018

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A comparison of two global datasets of extreme sea levels and resulting flood exposure

Muis, S. (author), Verlaan, M. (author), Nicholls, Robert J. (author), Brown, Sally (author), Hinkel, Jochen (author), Lincke, Daniel (author), Vafeidis, Athanasios T. (author), Scussolini, Paolo (author), Winsemius, H.C. (author), Ward, Philip J. (author)

Estimating the current risk of coastal flooding requires adequate information on extreme sea levels. For over a decade, the only global data available was the DINAS-COAST Extreme Sea Levels (DCESL) dataset, which applies a static approximation to estimate extreme sea levels. Recently, a dynamically derived dataset was developed: the Global...

journal article 2017

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Boundary spanning for governance of climate change adaptation in cities: Insights from a Dutch urban region

Dabrowski, M.M. (author)

Adapting to climate change in the urban setting requires cooperation across scales, levels of government, organisational boundaries and policy sectors. The study presented in the paper explores governance of urban adaptation policies through the conceptual lens of multi-level governance and boundary spanning. It focuses on the South Wing of the...

journal article 2017

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Economic optimization of flood prevention systems in the Netherlands

Tsimopoulou, V. (author), Kok, M. (author), Vrijling, J.K. (author)

After the flood disaster of 1953, the Netherlands adopted a rational approach to flood risk management with the use of protection standards determined by means of cost-benefit analysis. Due to scientific and political developments that have recently taken place, an update of the Dutch protection standards is being undertaken. One of the major...

journal article 2015

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A critical approach to some new ideas about the Dutch flood risk system

Rijcken, T. (author)

Decisions on measures to improve a flood risk system are in part supported by general ideas about how the system works and should work. After the completion of the Dutch Delta Works around 1990, such new ideas regarding flood risk emerged. Some of these may be appealing at first, but appear debatable after a closer look. In this paper, fourteen...

journal article 2015