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Kervenic, Y.V. (author), Van der Zant, S.J. (author), Morpurgo, A. (author), Gurevich, L. (author), Kouwenhoven, L.P. (author)A method of reducing the distance between electrodes, comprising the growth of electrodes by means of electrodeposition in a solution, wherein during the process of growth the conductance over the electrodes is measured and the method is terminated when the conductance has reached a predetermined value. The method according to the invention is...patent 2003
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Kouwenhoven, M.H. (author), Bos, C. Van den (author), Verhoeven, C.J. (author)The demodulator for a frequency modulation signal comprises an oscillator connection to which the signal is fed at a predetermined location for phase-locking of the connection. The demodulator comprises a dynamic memory component (11), which supplies a first output signal (Vuit 1), first and second comparison components (12,13) which compare the...patent 2002
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Kouwenhoven, M.H. (author), Van den Bos, C. (author), Van Nieuwkerk, M. (author), Verhoeven, C.J. (author)Quadrature demodulator (10) and quadrature modulator (30) which comprise a first oscillator (11) and a second oscillator (12), a separate excitation signal being fed to the first osciallator (11) and second oscillator (12) in order to determine the point in time at which switching between two stable states takes place, and the quadrature...patent 2002
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Gurevich, L. (author), Canali, L. (author), Kouwenhoven, L.P. (author)The probe suitable for use in scanning tunneling microscopy comprises a tip electrode (1), which during use is placed near an investigated object (2) positioned on a conductive substrate (3). Between the tip electrode and the substrate a voltage (Vb) is applied. Apart from the tip electrode, the probe also incorporates a gate electrode (4),...patent 2001