Electricity Markets for Direct Current Distribution Systems

Direct current distribution systems (DCDS) are a promising alternative to alternating current (AC) systems because they remove AC--DC conversion between sources and loads that cause energy losses. Compared to AC systems, a DCDS has higher power capacity, energy efficiency and reliability, and no need for synchronisation---suitable where a large...

Markets for Direct Current Distribution Systems: Towards Energy-based vs Flex-based Designs

Direct Current Distribution System (DCDS), a promising alternative to existing AC systems, connect customers to DC energy sources without AC/DC conversion. The unique features of DC, including the power-voltage coupling effect, impose different requirements to DCDS operation compared to AC. Addressing a liberalized energy market, this paper...

Electricity Market for Direct Current Distribution Systems: Exploring the Design Space

Direct current distribution systems (DCDS), which connect local prosumers directly to community grids without AC/DC conversions, are a promising alternative to AC systems. While regulations call for market-based operation, existing markets for AC systems do not meet DC requirements and cannot be applied to a DCDS. This paper develops a design...