Requirements Based Design of the LADM Edition II

This paper examines the requirements based design of the LADM Edition II. The requirements are the starting point for the Abstract Test Suite (ATS, Annex A in an ISO standard). The requirements/ATS can be used to assess if a given LADM country profile with a specific application schema is conformant with the LADM standard. The requirements are a...

Analysing 3D Land Administration developments and plans from 2010 to 2026

Administration questionnaires. The last FIG questionnaire 2022-2026 was just analysed and the FIG working week 2023 (Kalogianni et al. 2023, and in that paper the creation or update, organization and initial analysis of the results from the 4th FIG 3D Land Administration Questionnaire, as an activity of the FIG Working Group 3D Land...

Leveraging BIM for the LADM Part 4 - Valuation Information Model: the case study of Cyprus

Building Information Model (BIM) is a powerful tool for managing and utilizing data throughout the lifecycle of buildings and infrastructure. This paper explores the options, and considerations, of using BIM data for the Land Administration (LA) domain. The ISO19152 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), as a widely recognized international...

SDG Land Administration Indicators based on ISO 19152 LADM

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), comprising of 17 Global Goals, serve as a global framework for addressing various facets of sustainable development. Several of these goals emphasize the crucial role of land management and equitable land distribution in achieving sustainable development objectives. ISO 19152, known as the Land...

Refining legal Land Administration-related aspects in LADM

Among the topics that are introduced and/ or being refined in the context of the revision of the LADM 19152:2012, the legal Land Administration-related aspects are being investigated. With the knowledge and the experience from the developments of the LADM so far, and the ongoing discussion between the parties involved in the standardisation...

Investigating the requirements for the ISO 19152 LADM survey encodings

The ISO 19152:2012 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), focuses on standardised modelling of land information at the conceptual level, and together with LADM’s three main packages, it has a dedicated sub package for Spatial and Surveying representation. The first edition of the standard provides multiple spatial representations, and a rather...

Modelling 3D legal spaces of Public Law Restrictions within the context of LADM revision

Intense exploitation of land in the vertical direction has brought up complex legal relations between different types of spatial units with various characteristics (e.g., land, marine, air, underground parcels, and infrastructure objects). Therefore, the use of 3D models is required to clearly represent real property and associated Rights,...

Modelling 3D underground legal spaces in 3D Land Administration Systems

Two dimensional (2D) Land Administration Systems (LASs) do not adequately represent 3D underground objects. It is not easy to identify the owners of these objects and the relations between objects below and above the surface are not explicitly provided. A 3D LAS can however facilitate a better understanding, as well as a more efficient...

BIM Models as Input for 3D Land Administration Systems for Apartment Registration

The growth of cities and the pressure on land worldwide leads to more complex and multilevel structures with different space interrelations. For the registration of complex spaces mostly 2D Land Administration Systems (LAS) are used, while a representation of space in 3D could provide a clearer insight. Concurrently, technological advancements...

LADM country profiles development: Aspects to be reflected and considered

The wider recognition and use of ISO 19152 LADM Edition I, is mainly documented through the country profiles that have been developed in multiple jurisdictions across the world. Various approaches for developing country profiles have been followed, without acting in accordance with a specific (official or unofficial) roadmap or methodology. This...

The scope of LADM revision is shaping-up

After two LADM workshops (Delft, March 2017 and Zagreb, April 2018) and three ISO TC211 meetings, where also LADM revision meetings took place (Copenhagen, May 2018, Wuhan, November 2018 and Maribor, June 2019) there is consensus growing towards the new scope of the standard. This new scope is described in this paper, and it is no exaggeration...

Investigating 3D spatial units’ types as basis for refined 3D spatial profiles in the context of LADM revision

Dense urbanisation has led to an increasing demand and pressure for land development, resulting in the partition of 3D space into different owners sharing delimited property interests on, above or below the land surface. Consequently, cadastral spatial units range from simple, but most common, 2D, to complex 3D collections of spaces worldwide,...

Towards LADM Victoria country profile – modelling the spatial information

Managing properties and people’s interests in complex multi-level developments is rapidly increasing the last decade and as a result, current cadastral information systems are facing a growing demand to capture, register, maintain, visualise and disseminate 3D spatial information. This has led to a continuous research, at the international...

3D Cadastre and LADM – Needs and Expectations towards LADM Revision

The last decade, significant progress has been made in advancing the concept of 3D Cadastre and related technologies to facilitate its realisation. There are many examples of partial implementation and prototypes of 3D parcels registration around the world as stated by Kitsakis et al (2016) and Dimopoulou et al (2016) regarding selected...

Formalizing Implementable Constraints in the INTERLIS Language for Modelling Legal 3D RRR Spaces and 3D Physical Objects

Building Information Models (e.g. BIM, IFC) and virtual 3D city models (e.g. CityGML) are revolutionising the way we manage information about cities. The main focus of such models is on the physical and functional characteristics of urban structures (Aien et al, 2015). On the other hand cadastral data models, (e.g. Land Administration Domain...