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Koenderink, J. (author), Wijntjes, M. (author), Van Doorn, A. (author)The “zograscope” is a “visual aid” (commonly known as “optical machine” in the 18th century) invented in the mid-18th century, and in general use until the early 20th century. It was intended to view single pictures (thus not stereographic pairs) with both eyes. The optics approximately eliminates the physiological cues (binocular disparity,...journal article 2013
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Nefs, H.T. (author), Van Bilsen, A. (author), Pont, S.C. (author), De Ridder, H. (author), Wijntjes, M.W.A. (author), Van Doorn, A.J. (author)In this paper, we focus on how people perceive the aspect ratio of city squares. Earlier research has focused on distance perception but not so much on the perceived aspect ratio of the surrounding space. Furthermore, those studies have focused on “open” spaces rather than urban areas enclosed by walls, houses and filled with people, cars, etc....journal article 2013
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Van Doorn, A.J. (author), Koenderink, J.J. (author), Leyssen, M.H.R. (author), Wagemans, J. (author)We study the effect of stylistic differences on the nature of pictorial spaces as they appear to an observer when looking into a picture. Four pictures chosen from diverse styles of depiction were studied by 2 different methods. Each method addresses pictorial depth but draws on a different bouquet of depth cues. We find that the depth...journal article 2012
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Koenderink, J.J. (author), Van Doorn, A.J. (author)“Pictorial space” is the mental structure that appears to be the scaffold for the visual awareness when looking “into” (as opposed to “at”) a picture. Its structure differs from the “visual space” that is the scaffold for the visual awareness when looking into the scene in front of the observer. The structure of pictorial space has been probed...journal article 2012
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Koenderink, J.J. (author), Richards, W. (author), Van Doorn, A.J. (author)Local space-time scrambling of optical data leads to violent jerks and dislocations. On masking these, visual awareness of the scene becomes cohesive, with dislocations discounted as amodally occluding foreground. Such cohesive space-time of awareness is technically illusory because ground truth is jumbled whereas awareness is coherent....journal article 2012
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Koenderink, J.J. (author), Richards, W. (author), Van Doorn, A.J. (author)We consider operations that change the size of images, either shrinks or blow-ups. Image processing offers numerous possibilities, put at everyone’s disposal with such computer programs as Adobe Photoshop. We consider a different class of operations, aimed at immediate visual awareness, rather than pixel arrays. We demonstrate cases of blow-ups...journal article 2012
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Van Doorn, A.J. (author), Koenderink, J.J. (author), Todd, J.T. (author), Wagemans, J. (author)Human observers group local shading patterns into global super-patterns that appear to be illuminated in some unitary fashion. Many years ago, this was noticed for the case of uniform, unidirectional illumination. Recently, we found that it also applies to convergent and divergent illumination flows, but that human observers are blind to...journal article 2012
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Koenderink, J.J. (author), Van Doorn, A.J. (author), Pont, S.C. (author)Shape from shading arose from artistic practice, and later experimental psychology, but its formal structure has only been established recently by computer vision. Some of its algorithms have led to useful applications. Psychology has reversely borrowed these formalisms in attempts to come to grips with shading as a depth cue. Results have been...journal article 2012
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Van Doorn, A.J. (author)De hernieuwde aandacht voor duurzaamheid, die ruim vijf jaar geleden is ingezet, begint te resulteren in een golf van hoogwaardige projecten. Daarbij ligt de nadruk vaak op bouwkundige maatregelen die de impact op het milieu minimaliseren. Dat veel duurzame ambities in de praktijk blijven steken in goede bedoelingen, komt echter niet door een...journal article 2011
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Wagemans, J. (author), Van Doorn, A.J. (author), Koenderink, J.J. (author)In the physical environment familiar size is an effective depth cue because the distance from the eye to an object equals the ratio of its physical size to its angular extent in the visual field. Such simple geometrical relations do not apply to pictorial space, since the eye itself is not in pictorial space, and consequently the notion ...journal article 2011
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Van Doorn, A. (author), Koenderink, J. (author), Wagemans, J. (author)We address the topic of “pictorial depth” in cases of pictures that are unlike photographic renderings. The most basic measure of “depth” is no doubt that of depth order. We establish depth order through the pairwise depth-comparison method, involving all pairs from a set of 49 fiducial points. The pictorial space for this study was evoked by a...journal article 2011
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Koenderink, J.J. (author), Van Doorn, A.J. (author), Wagemans, J. (author)Depth is the feeling of remoteness, or separateness, that accompanies awareness in human modalities like vision and audition. In specific cases depths can be graded on an ordinal scale, or even measured quantitatively on an interval scale. In the case of pictorial vision this is complicated by the fact that human observers often appear to apply...journal article 2011
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Van Doorn, A.J. (author), van der Voordt, D.J.M. (author), Rogaar, M. (author)Duurzaamheid is steeds vaker onderdeel van de ontwerpopgave. De motivatie voor duurzaam bouwen varieert van maatschappelijke verantwoordelijkheid tot verplicht duurzaam inkopen of het versterken van het bedrijfsimago. Het is een uitdaging om de duurzaamheidsambities tijdens het ontwikkelproces overeind te houden. Het lijkt vanzelfsprekend dat...journal article 2011
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Van Doorn, A.J. (author)Duurzaamheid is een blijvende trend. Veel architecten zien het inspelen op deze ontwikkeling daarom als bedrijfsmatige kans. Bureaus met een onderscheidende aanpak op dit gebied doen tegen de economische trend in goede zaken en groeien zelfs in plaats van te krimpen. Duurzaam ontwerpen en het maken van hoogwaardige architectuur gaan in alle...journal article 2011
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- Van Doorn, A.J. (author) journal article 2011
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Wagemans, J. (author), Van Doorn, A.J. (author), Koenderink, J.J. (author)We propose a novel method to probe the depth structure of the pictorial space evoked by paintings. The method involves an exocentric pointing paradigm that allows one to find the slope of the geodesic connection between any pair of points in pictorial space. Since the locations of the points in the picture plane are known, this immediately...journal article 2011
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Van Doorn, A.J. (author)De Nederlandse architectuurbranche kenmerkt zich door kleinschaligheid. Veel architecten werken zelfstandig vanuit een behoefte aan creatieve autonomie in plaats vanuit de motivatie om te ondernemen. Groei is voor deze groep geen doel op zich. Tot aan de economische crisis was het aandeel architectenbureaus met minder dan vijf mensen in dienst...journal article 2011
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Van Doorn, A.J. (author), Koenderink, J.J. (author), Wagemans, J. (author)From a theoretical point of view, the use of the shading cue involves estimates of the light field and thus observers need to judge the light field and the shape simultaneously. The conventional stimulus in perceptual experiments, a circular disk filled with a monotonic gradient on a uniform surround, represents a local shading or tonal gradient...journal article 2011
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Van Doorn, A.J. (author)Voor sommigen is ondernemen een ambitie op zich of een manier om autonoom te kunnen opereren. Anderen zien ondernemen als een alternatieve manier om geld te verdienen. Bij vrije beroepen zoals huisartsen, advocaten en artiesten is het ondernemerschap meestal een noodzakelijk kwaad. Architecten behoren ook tot deze categorie. “Ondernemen is een...journal article 2011
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Wagemans, J. (author), Van Doorn, A.J. (author), Koenderink, J.J. (author)The shading cue is supposed to be a major factor in monocular stereopsis. However, the hypothesis is hardly corroborated by available data. For instance, the conventional stimulus used in perception research, which involves a circular disk with monotonic luminance gradient on a uniform surround, is theoretically ‘explained’ by any quadric...journal article 2010
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