Hysteresis in the nonmonotonic electric response of homogeneous and layered unconsolidated sands under continuous flow conditions with water of various salinities, 100 kHz to 2 MHz

We measured the electric parameters for four different configurations of unconsolidated homogeneous and layered sands as a function of frequency, water saturation, and salinity under fluid flow conditions. Our objective is to determine if the effect of heterogeneities at scales much smaller than the skin depth can be captured by introducing...